BACKGROUND Fine-Needle Aspiration Cytology (FNAC) is a widely used method, which is accurate and safe in a readily palpable masses. But, in those inaccessible lesions and deeper organs are safely aspirated using fine needle radiological procedure like ultrasound or computed tomography guided. The aim of the study is to assess the utility of FNAC in the diagnosis of intra-abdominal lesions and different pattern of lesions in particular to the sites. MATERIALS AND METHODS This retrospective study was done in the Department of Pathology, Regional Institute of Medical Sciences (RIMS), Imphal, between June 2010 and June 2016. The study included 128 intra-abdominal masses. Giemsa and Papanicolaou's stains were used. The cytological diagnosis was correlated with clinical and radiological data to arrive at a final diagnosis. RESULTS Reports on FNAC smears were retrospectively analysed, which had been done in various anatomic sites-liver (70 cases), colon (19 cases), gallbladder (17 cases), mesenteric lymph nodes (12 cases), ovary (3 cases), adrenals (2 cases) and 1 case each of pancreas, peritoneal wall, pelvic, suprapubic and flank masses. The mean age was 42.16 years with M:F of 1.3:1. The diagnostic yield was 85.2% in combination for Ultrasound Guided (USG) and Computed Tomography (CT) guided aspiration. The smears were classified as benign neoplastic, malignant neoplastic, non-neoplastic, inconclusive and unsatisfactory for interpretation. There were 79 (61.7%) malignant neoplastic lesion, 5 (3.9%) benign neoplastic lesion, 25 (19.5%) non-neoplastic lesion, one (0.7%) inconclusive lesions and 18 (14.1%) unsatisfactory smears. The liver and the colon were the most common sites. Adenocarcinomas and Hepatocellular Carcinoma (HCC) were the most common malignant lesions comprising of 35 (44.3%) and 25 (31.6%) of the total malignant lesions diagnosed. CONCLUSION Intra-abdominal FNA is a simple, economical and a safe procedure with high sensitivity, specificity and diagnostic accuracy and it can be utilised as a preoperative procedure for the management of intra-abdominal lesions.
Background: The prostate is a retroperitoneal organ encircling the neck of the bladder and urethra. Though the diagnosis of the prostatic lesions are analyzed through histopathological examination (HPE), sometimes, diagnosis can be challenging, when pathologist are faced with certain problems such as small foci of Ca or benign mimickers. In such situation, immunohistochemical (IHC) detection of basal cells are widely used. To Objectives: assess the expression of basal cell markers (p63 and 34betaE12) in various prostatic glandular proliferations and to differentiate suspicious glandular lesions as benign or malignant. A two year cross-sectional s Methods: tudy (Sept'2016 –Aug'2018) , total of 52 cases of both TURP and prostate biopsy specimens sent to the department of Pathology, RIMS for HPE were studied using IHC markers p63 and 34betaE12, following H&E stain and the expressions of the markers were studied. Results: Out of 52 cases, 41(78.8%) cases were diagnosed as Benign proliferative hyperplasia (BPH), 8(15.4%) cases as prostatic carcinoma, 2(3.8%) cases as high grade prostatic intraepithelial neoplasia (HGPIN) and one (1.9%) case of adenoleiomyobromatous hyperplasia (AMFH) on H&E section with age range of 51 to 90 years (mean age: 72 years). Following IHC staining, 43 (97.7%) benign cases were positive for both p63 and 34betaE12, one (2.3%) case of benign lesion was negative for both the IHCs. 8(100%) cases of malignant lesions were negative for both the IHCs. A p-value of 1.000 was observed indicating that there is no signicant difference in the sensitivity of p63 and 34betaE12. In this cross- Conclusion: sectional study of 52 cases of prostatic lesions, HPE and the role of basal cell specic IHC markers p63 and 34beta12 were studied. No signicant difference was observed in the sensitivity between the two markers. Further comparative study with larger sample size is needed to comprehend the differences in the utility of p63 and 34etaE12 in diagnosing suspicious prostatic lesions.
Background: Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is a novel infectious disease caused by SARS-CoV-2 which was rst recognized in Wuhan, China, in December 2019. Patient of COVID-19 presents with wide range of hemostatic abnormalities. The aim of this study is to evaluate the pattern of the hematological parameters in COVID-19 patients. Method: A cross-sectional study was conducted in Department of Pathology, RIMS, Imphal from May 2020 to May 2021. Total of 594 COVID-19 positive cases were included, data collected in IBM SPSS Statistics 21 was statistically analysed. Results:Among the 594 patients, 366 (61.6%) were male, 228 (38.4%) female with an age range of 1 to 90 years(Mean±SE, 44.21±18.52). COVID -19 was most common in the age group of 21-30 years and 31-40 years. Low hemoglobin was seen in 191 cases(32.2%), lymphopenia in 217 cases(36.5%), leukocytosis in 163 cases(27.4%) and thrombocytopenia in 160 cases(26.9%). Conclusion: Lymphopenia, neutrophilic leukocytosis, decreased hemoglobin and thrombocytopenia were common ndings in Covid-19 patients with a male predominance.
BACKGROUNDGastrointestinal polyps are frequently encountered during routine endoscopy and colonoscopy. These are considered as luminal projections above the plane of the adjacent mucosa. These can be non-neoplastic, neoplastic or hamartomatous and syndromic. The classification of polyps has important clinical implications and provides targeted clues towards discovering abnormalities in the remaining mucosa or even elsewhere in the body in syndromic cases. Histopathological typing was done with an aim to assess their benign or malignant potential.
Abstract Introduction: Endometrial carcinoma (EC) is the most common gynaecological malignancy in developed countries and has been classified into two groups, type 1 and type 2. Type 1 or endometrioid endometrial carcinomas (EECA) accounts for 80% of EC and are thought to develop following a continuum of premalignant lesions ranging from endometrial hyperplasia without atypia (EH) and atypical hyperplasia (AH). PTEN (phosphatase and tensin homolog), a tumor suppressor gene is commonly inactivated in 83 % of endometrioid carcinoma and 55% of precancerous lesions. Cyclin D1, a cell cycle regulator is overexpressed in about 40% of endometrial carcinomas. Aim: To study the expression of PTEN (Phosphatase and tensin homolog) and Cyclin D1 in non-neoplastic and neoplastic endometrial lesions by immunohistochemistry (IHC). Methods: A 2 year cross-sectional study (September 2017 to August 2019) on 115 endometrial samples was done in the Department of Pathology, RIMS. Histomorphological features and IHC expression of PTEN and Cyclin D1 in the various endometrial lesions were studied and evaluated, data collected in IBM SPSS Statistics 21 was statistically analyzed using Chi - square and Fisher’s Exact test. Results: Out of the 115 cases, 47(40.9%) were diagnosed as benign proliferative endometrium, 20(17.4%) benign secretory endometrium, 21(18.3%) hyperplasia without atypia, 15(13.0%) atypical hyperplasia and 12(10.4%) endometrial carcinoma with an age group spanning from 26-68 years (mean age = 46.4). Following IHC staining, 91.7%(11/12) and 83.3%(10/12) cases of EC and 80%(12/15) and 73.3%(11/15) cases of AH showed complete loss of PTEN expression and Cyclin D1 overexpression, respectively when compared to other benign lesions and was statistically significant (p < .001). Conclusion: Loss of PTEN and Cyclin D1 overexpression was seen in a significant number of EECA and AH, suggesting both as an early event in endometrial carcinogenesis. Therefore, we propose the use of PTEN and Cyclin D1 immunostaining as an adjunct to histopathological diagnosis as it may be informative in the identification and further management of premalignant endometrial lesions that are likely to progress to carcinoma Keywords: PTEN, Cyclin D1, endometrial hyperplasia, endometrial carcinoma, endometrioid endometrial carcinomas.
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