Objectives
To investigate the differences in profile changes and stability of the condyles between orthodontic camouflage treatment assisted by vertical control and that accomplished via orthognathic surgery in Class II hyperdivergent patients with TMJ osteoarthrosis (TMJOA).
Materials and Methods
This study included 27 Class II hyperdivergent TMJOA patients (54 condyles) who received orthodontic camouflage treatment (13 patients) or orthognathic surgery (14 patients) Cone-beam computerized tomography (CBCT) scans were taken before treatment (T1) and 1 year after treatment (T2). Cephalometric and TMJ measurement analyses were conducted to evaluate the change in profile and condyles from T1 to T2 using independent samples t-test and paired t-test. Three-dimensional (3D) deviation analysis was also performed to evaluate the stability of condyles from T1 to T2.
Results
Both groups showed significant profile improvement from T1 to T2. The changes in Z angle and ANB angle were larger in the surgical group than in the orthodontic group. Condylar width, length, and height remained stable after treatment in the orthodontic group (P > .05), while they reduced by 0.67 ± 0.85 mm, 1.14 ± 1.10 mm, and 1.07 ± 1.34 mm, respectively, in the surgical group (P < .05). Superior, posterior, medial, and lateral joint spaces were significantly reduced in the orthodontic group (P < .05). 3D deviations intuitively showed that condylar bone in the orthodontic group was more stable than that in the surgical group.
Conclusions
For Class II hyperdivergent patients with severe TMJOA, orthodontic camouflage treatment with vertical control can effectively maintain the stability of condyles while significantly improving the profile. Surgical treatment yields a better profile but may increase the risk of condyle resorption.
Background: Temporary anchorage devices (TADs) are maximum anchorages that have been widely used in orthodontic treatment. Poor oral hygiene might result in inflammation and decreased stability of the TADs. In this study, we aimed to unveil the differences in the microbiome between TADs under different oral hygiene conditions.Methods: Oral hygiene condition was stratified by Oral Hygiene Index- Simplified (OHI-S), Plaque Index (PLI), and Gingival Inflammation. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) was used to analyze the existence of biofilm on the surface of 8 TADs, Ten TADs from the good oral hygiene group (GOH), and 10 TADs from the poor oral hygiene group (POH) were analyzed by 16S rRNA gene sequencing. Results: Principal coordinate analysis (PCoA) based on β diversity revealed differential sample clusters depending on oral hygiene conditions. When comparing specific genera, Veillonella, Streptococcus, Neisseria, were more enriched in the poor oral hygiene group. Conversely, Fusobacterium, Porphyromonas exhibited more richness in the good oral hygiene group. TADs in the good oral hygiene group demonstrated enriched microbial activities involved with signal transduction, cell mobility and energy metabolism. TADs in poor oral hygiene demonstrated enriched functions in membrane transport, transcription and signaling molecules and interactions. Conclusions: In summary, this analysis elucidated the difference in total composition and function of TADs oral microorganisms between patients with good oral hygiene and patients with poor oral hygiene, which highlighted the importance of maintaining good oral hygiene in TADs treatment.
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