We construct a hadron-quark two-phase model based on the Walecka-quantum hadrodynamics and the improved Polyakov-Nambu-Jona-Lasinio model with an explicit chemical potential dependence of Polyakov-loop potential (µPNJL model). With respect to the original PNJL model, the confineddeconfined phase transition is largely affected at low temperature and large chemical potential. Using the two-phase model, we investigate the equilibrium transition between hadronic and quark matter at finite chemical potentials and temperatures. The numerical results show that the transition boundaries from nuclear to quark matter move towards smaller chemical potential (lower density) when the µ-dependent Polyakov loop potential is taken. In particular, for charge asymmetric matter, we compute the local asymmetry of u, d quarks in the hadron-quark coexisting phase, and analyse the isospin-relevant observables possibly measurable in heavy-ion collision (HIC) experiments. In general new HIC data on the location and properties of the mixed phase would bring relevant information on the expected chemical potential dependence of the Polyakov Loop contribution.
To solve the problem of location services in harsh environments, we propose an integrated navigation algorithm based on broadband low-earth-orbit (LEO) satellite communication and navigation integration with 3-satellite alternate switch ranging. First, we describe the algorithm principle and processing flow in detail; next, we analyze and model the ranging error source and propose a combined multipath and non-line-of-sight (NLOS) error analysis model, which avoids discussing the complex multipath number of paths and its modeling process; in addition, we also propose a multimodal Gaussian noise-based interference model and analyze and model the LEO satellite orbital disturbance. The final simulation results show that our proposed algorithm can not only effectively overcome inertial navigation system (INS) divergence, but also achieve high positioning accuracy, especially when continuous ranging values are used. It can still ensure good anti-interference performance and robustness in terms of path and noise interference and by alternately switching ranging, there are other potential advantages. Compared to some of the existing representative advanced algorithms, it has higher accuracy, stronger stability and lower cost. Furthermore, it can be used as a location reference solution for real-time location services and life search and rescue in harsh environments with incomplete visual satellites and can also be used as a technical reference design solution for the future integration of communication and navigation (ICN).
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