This study aimed to compare the mechanical properties of the box-section beams made from laminated bamboo by strengthening the sidewall thickening. The base of this research was that the box-section beam had a higher bending strength than the solid cross-section with the same material volume but lack of shear strength due to the reduced sidewall thickening. A way to increase the shear strength of the box-section beam was to thicken the sidewall on the areas that receive the maximum shear force that was one-third of the span from both supports. In this research, the sidewall thickness variations in the maximum shear force areas were 2 cm (unreinforced group), 3 cm, 4 cm and 4.8 cm. The results of this research were; first, there was a significant increase in the shear strength of the box-section beam reinforced by the sidewall thickening compared to the unreinforced ones. Second, there was no significant difference in the modulus of elasticity of the box-section beams in all samples. Third, the average serviceability load of the box-section beams was 39.11% of the maximum load. And fourth, the sidewall thickening on one-third of the support span saved the material used compared to the thickening on the entire support span.
Abstrak: Pertumbuhan atau kenaikan penduduk Indonesia yang sangat pesat mengakibatkan bertambahnya jumlah kebutuhan rumah tinggal yang juga semakin meningkat. Saat ini pembangunan seperti apartemen, dan perumahan sangat banyak didaerah perkotaan yang diakibatkan karena bertambahnya penduduk, atau migrasi dari desa ke perkotaan untuk mengimbangi dari pertumbuhan penduduknya. Rumah - rumah yang dibangun di perumahan pada umumnya banyak yang menggunakan rangka baja ringan sebagai atapnya. Material rangka atap biasanya dari kayu, beton, baja dan baja ringan, masing-masing memilik kelebihan dan kekurangannya. Dalam hal ini material kuda-kuda baja ringan mempunyai banyak kelebihan dibandingkan dengan material yang lainnya dalam penelitian-penelitian yang dilakukan sebelumya. Beberapa tipe rangka untuk baja canai dingin antara lain tipe Howe, Pratt, Fan, Fink, Scissors dll. Untuk itu perlu dilakukan optimasi dari bentuk-bentuk rangka kuda-kuda baja ringan, untuk mencari bentuk rangka yang optimum, aman, ekonomis dan efisien. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mendapatkan bentuk optimum maksimal dari rangka kuda-kuda baja ringan, megetahui beban maksimal, lendutan maksimal pada konfigurasi rangka, angka keamanan dan pola keruntuhan dari rangka kuda-kuda baja ringan akibat beban statis, sehingga bisa dijadikan sebagai rujukan untuk diterapkan pada jenis-jenis rangka kuda-kuda baja ringan yang lain. Dari penelitian ini didapatkan hasil berdasarkan pemodelan secara analitis dari beberapa tahap bentuk dari rangka kuda-kuda baja canai yang ditemukan, yakni bentuk rangka Fink yang dimodifikasi dengan batang horizontal dengan tipe F1 pada proses modifikasi. Pada tahap selanjutnya yakni proses kombinasi rangka tidak mencapai bentuk yang optimum. Lendutan maksimum pada pemodelan secara analitis yakni sebesar 11.17 mm pada beban 2250 kg. Sedangkan pada pemodelan prototipe lendutan maksimum yang terjadi sebesar 11.33 mm pada beban 1270.99 kg dan didapatkan hasil angka keamanan yang direkomendasikan sebesar 1,4. Untuk pola keruntuhan keruntuhan yang terjadi, pada ½, ¼ bentang terjadi tekuk torsi, dan pada bagian tumpuan terjadi tekuk lentur torsional.Kata-kata kunci: Baja Canai dingin, Rangka Atap, Kuda-Kuda, Bentuk Rangka Optimum.Abstract:The growth or increase in Indonesia’s population is very rapid resulting in the increasing number of residential needs which are also increasing. At present development such as apartments and housing is very much in the urban areas due to increasing population, or migration from rural to urban areas to compensate for population growth. Many houses built in housing use light steel frames as roofs. Roof truss material is usually made of wood, concrete, steel and mild steel, each of which has advantages and disadvantages. In this case the material mild steel easel has many advantages compared to other materials in previous studies. Several types of frames for cold rolled steel include Howe, Pratt, Fan, Fink, Scissors etc. For this reason, it is necessary to optimize the forms of lightweight steel truss, to find the optimum, safe, economical and efficient frame form. This study aims to obtain the maximum optimum form of light steel frame trestle, to know the maximum load, maximum deflection in frame configuration, safety figures and the collapse pattern of light steel frame truss due to static load, so that it can be used as a reference to be applied to other types of light steel frame truss. From this study the results obtained are based on analytical modeling of several stages of the shape of the form of rolled steel horses which are found, namely the shape of the Fink frame modified with horizontal rods with type F1 in the modification process. In the next step, the process of combining skeletons does not reach optimum shape. The maximum deflection in analytical modeling is 11.17 mm at a load of 2250 kg. Whereas the maximum deflection modeling that occurred was 11.33 mm at a load of 1270.99 kg and the recommended safety figure was 1.4. For the pattern of collapse that occurs, at ½, ¼ the span of the torsion bend occurs, and in the pedestal the bending torsional bending occurs.Keywords: Cold Rolled Steel, Roof Truss, Easel, Optimum Frame Shape
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