The article provides information on the species composition of the microflora of the digestive tract in chickens of the Dekalb cross, its changes during the period of early postembryonic development against the background of the introduction of biologically active substances. The assessment of the degree of influence of the use of monopreparations and their combinations is given. The study was carried out in 2020 at the Department of Obstetrics, Surgery and Non-communicable Animal Diseases of the Ivanovo State Agricultural Academy. The initial analysis of the microflora of the digestive tract was carried out in 5-day-old chickens. Chickens of experimental groups 2, 3 and 4 were injected with biologically active substances, respectively, probiotic Zoonorm at a dose of 0.2 g per head in the morning mixed with feed; a 0.3% suspension of an enterosorbent based on polymethylsiloxane polyhydrate was drunk 2 hours after the last feeding and a combination of two drugs at the appropriate time. The drugs were used for 20 days, the study of the composition of the intestinal microflora was carried out in 15- and 25-day-old chickens and 10 days after drug withdrawal. The results showed that during the critical period of development in the control and experimental groups of chickens there is a decrease in the number of intestinal residents. In control chickens, proliferation of Enterobacter cloacae is noted and the number of clostridia increases. Against the background of the probiotic, the number of lactobacilli, enterococci and E. coli (typical) increases and is restored. With the introduction of enterosorbent, the content of lactobacilli increases, proliferation of Enterobacter cloacae is absent throughout the experiment. The combination of probiotic and enterosorbent prevents the development of pathogens, stimulates the growth of lactobacilli, enterococci and stabilizes the amount of typical E. coli and bacteroids. Scientific novelty lies in the establishment of a regulating and stabilizing effect on the intestinal biome of a combination of probiotic and enterosorbent; elucidation of the metabolic and antagonistic function of bifidobacteria in chickens at an early stage of postembryonic development.
Российский государственный аграрный университет МСХА им. К. А. Тимирязева, Москва 2 Ивановская государственная сельскохозяйственная академия им. Д.К. Беляева, Иваново В статье изложены сведения о морфометрических показателях внутренних органов и оологических особенностях розового скворца. На рубеже XX-XXI вв. на северо-востоке Ставрополья наблюдается рост численности розовых скворцов, однако ранее имелись сведения о сокращении их численности по разным причинам. В результате исследования установлена асимметрия парных органов: масса правой доли печени, правого легкого, правой почки больше, чем левая доли печени, левое легкое и почка. Масса мышечного желудка в 5 раз больше железистого, причем стенка вентрикула не имеет выраженного мышечного слоя. Благодаря обильной кормовой базе у всех птиц много висцерального жира, таким образом, все розовые скворцы страдают ожирением, у 40% из них жировая дистрофия печени. Масса яиц розовых скворцов различна и составила 4,26-7,5 г. Физические и химические показатели яиц обусловлены временем инкубации. Яйца хорошо обеспечены каротинодами и холестеролом.
The main cause of the disease and death of calves in the early postembryonic period of development is a feeding disorder. The aim of the work was to analyze macro-and micromorphological changes in the digestive system of a calf with a rennet rupture. To achieve this goal, standard macro-and microscopic research methods were used. Macroscopic examination revealed thickening, erosion of the mucous membrane of the esophageal gutter rollers, accumulation of contents in the scar, mesh and book, hyperemia of the mucous membranes; thinning and rupture of the rennet wall; pronounced hyperemia of the mucous membrane of the small intestine, thickening of the mucous membrane of the thick section; an increase in mesenteric lymph nodes and a change in their consistency. Microscopically, the thickness of the epithelium, submucosal and muscle layer is most developed in the abomasum and was, respectively, 0.68-0.72 mm, 0.23-0.32 mm and 0.98-1.05 mm. Villi were found in the folds of the scar, numerous well – developed longitudinally oriented protrusions were found in the book, lymphocellular clusters and bottom glands were found in the rennet; folds with well – developed crypts were found in the colon. Thus, as a result of feeding coarse feed, the deceased calf has catarrhal erosive lesions of the esophageal trough; serous-catarrhal abomasitis with signs of hemorrhagic with dilation and perforation in the cardiac part; hemorrhagic omasitis against the background of a book blockage; catarrhal reticulitis; catarrhal ruminitis and catarrhal enterocolitis.
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