Microelement composition in a diet influences the morphology of duck liver is described. Microelement composition of the duck food was studied in accordance with GOST (State Standard Specification), which states the selenium content amounting to 0.06 mg/kg for the growing ducks and 0.14 mg/kg for adult ducks. The experiment on Pekin ducks aged from 1 to 120 days implied that the control group received basic diet and the experimental group received DAFS-25k (Diacetofenonilselenide) in accordance with the product instruction during the whole period of raising. The studies were undertaken at an interval of 15 days. Liver structure of one-day ducks had typical anatomy. Connective tissue was moderately marked, tubular structure was clearly marked, hepatocytes had polygon shapes, the nuclei were oval or round, located centrally, they contained from one to four nucleoli. Vacuolated cytoplasm was observed for 15-day ducks from the control group. For the experimental group: hepatocyte nuclei had the same size, cytoplasm was homogeneously coloured, sinusoidal capillaries with red blood cells were clearly marked. In critical periods of raising, namely on the 30th day, when neoptile was replaced with primary plumage, and on the 75th day, during post-juvenile moult, for the control group we could observe granular cytoplasm structure, which is a characteristic feature of granular degeneration; for the experimental ducks: liver structure had definitive structure, morphofunctionally active. For 120-day ducks from the experimental group: the liver retained its tubular structure, had singular fat build-ups; for the control group: clear signs of hepatosteatosis. DAFS-25k did not have negative influence on morphofunctional activity of the organ; the selenium content in the liver of 120-day ducks from the experimental group amounted to 0.52 mcg/kg compared to 0.31 mcg/kg for the control group.
The resistance of young cattle to diseases is formed during intrauterine development. Oral administration of a drug that is made from the spleen of cattle and contains nucleosides and nucleopeptides at a dose of 0.1 g/kg of live weight to mother cows once within 5 days before calving increased the triglyceride level in the blood serum of newborn calves by 17.6-35.3%, calcium by 8.9-10.3%, magnesium by 2.3-1.5%, globulins by 8.54-9.45%, sum of immunoglobulins, percentage and absolute concentration of immunoglobulins A and G. The drug neutralised the negative effects of vaccination of cows and calves on the calves’ liver. The introduction of this drug to calves within 5 days after birth in the same dose as to cows stimulated the protein-synthetic function of the liver, an increase in total protein due to the globulin fraction, the total concentration of serum immunoglobulins by more than 2% and the absolute and percentage content of immunoglobulins A and M. The drug contributed to an increase in glucose by 12.8%, triglycerides by 8.7%, magnesium by 12.6%, calcium by 11.2%, stimulated structure-forming functions, transmembrane transport due to phosphorylation of enzymes and structural proteins. Thus, the supplement based on nucleosides and nucleopeptides controlled the course of various physiological processes, metabolism, membrane transport mainly associated with the exchange of Ca and Mg. The results obtained provide grounds to recommend the drug for the correction of the immunobiological status of calves in the prenatal and postnatal development periods.
Age-related dynamics of hematological and functional parameters of Pekin duck blood during administration of organic selenium preparation DAFS-25k (at a 1.3 mg/kg dose) was presented. In order to study morphological parameters from the age of one day old to 120 days old blood was collected from axillary vein of birds prior to feeding each 15 days in the morning. To assess hematological parameters RBC and WBC count was performed, hemoglobin contents and hematocrit value were determined and color index of blood was calculated. The experiment demonstrated gradual increase in these parameters in the experimental and control groups. Birds from the experimental group demonstrated higher parameters than those of the control group. It was determined that hemoglobin contents was 9.86% higher in the experimental group in comparison with the control group due to selenium administration. The blood color index in this group was also higher (р ≤ 0.05). Biochemical blood analysis included the following parameters: total protein, albumin, uric acid, glucose, calcium, phosphorus, ALT and AST transaminase. The test results showed that during all age periods total protein and albumin contents in ducks of the experimental group exceeded those of the control group. The selenium-containing preparation had a positive influence on the carbohydrate metabolism ensuring high level of metabolic processes in birds, contributed to optimal calcium to phosphorus ratio which positively influenced mineral metabolism and development of the locomotor system. Obtained AST and ALT values in both groups are not beyond reference values which indirectly confirms absence of toxic effect on ducks’ organism if selenium is administered at the specified doses. It was determined that DAFS-25k has not affected hematological and functional parameters of Pekin duck blood and it contributed to mineral metabolism correction, reduction of stress factor effect within critical periods of development and improvement of the excretory system function.
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