Herein, a series of new pyrene based hexylcyanoacetate derivatives (HPPC1-HPPC8) with A–π–D–π–D configuration were designed by end-capped modeling of non-fullerene acceptors on the structure of reference compound named dihexyl 3,3'-(pyrene-1,6-diylbis(4,1-phenylene))(2E,2'E)-bis(2-cyanoacrylate) HPPCR. Quantum chemical calculations of HPPCR and HPPC1-HPPC8 were accomplished at M06/6-31G(d, p) level. The stability of molecules due to the strongest hyper conjugative interactions in HPPCR and HPPC1-HPPC8 was estimated through NBO study. Interestingly, HOMO-LUMO band-gap of HPPC1-HPPC8 was found smaller than HPPCR which resulted in large NLO response. Among all the investigated compounds HPPC7 showed the larger NLO response due to the presence of four cyanide (CN) groups which strengthens the bridge conjugation, and its band gap was found to be 2.11eV, smaller as compared to band gap of HPPCR (3.225 eV). The absorption spectra of HPPC1-HPPC8 compounds showed maximum absorption wavelengths (483–707 nm) than HPPCR (471.764nm). The designed compounds showed high NLO response than HPPCR. Amazingly, highest amplitude of linear polarizability < α>, first hyperpolarizability (βtotal) and second hyperpolarizability < γ > for HPPC7 were achieved to be 1331.191, 200112.2 and 4.131 ×107 (a.u), respectively. NLO response showed that the HPPC1-HPPC8 might be potential candidates for NLO applications.
Background: Prolonged sitting and standing raise the load on the knee, thus increasing the risk of knee pain and severity among teachers. Objective: To determine the association of knee pain in long-standing and sitting among school and university teachers. Methods: It was a cross-sectional survey conducted on 185 patients with a history of chronic knee pain. The data was collected from school and university teachers in the private and public sectors. Data were collected from both male and female teachers having knee pain and aged between 27 to 60 years and the patients who have a history of knee osteoarthritis, carcinoma, traumatic injury and wound/infection were excluded from the survey. The categorical variables were evaluated by frequency and percentages, while mean and standard deviation were calculated for continuous variables. The correlation was calculated between knee pain reported by university professors due to long periods of standing or sitting. Results: Out of 185 participants, 111 (60%) were females and 74 (40%) were males, with a mean age of 41.37±11.33. There was a weak positive correlation between knee pain and standing hours, which was statistically significant (r=0.273, n =185, p<0.001). There was a negative correlation between knee pain and sitting hours, (r=-0.160, n=185, p<0.05). Conclusion: This study found that prolonged standing hours may increase knee pain among teachers as compared to prolonged sitting. More standing hours during academic activities tend to increase knee pain while prolonged sitting did not increase that pain. There was a negative correlation between knee pain and sitting hours, and weak positive correlation between knee pain and standing hours, which was statistically significant.
Background: The COVID-19 (Coronavirus Disease of 2019) virus has affected millions of people around the world, and it is likely to induce mental health issues in those who have never had one before, as well as worsen the condition of those who already have. Objective: To determine the effect of COVID-19 on mental health and quality of life. Methodology: The non-probability convenient sampling strategy was utilized in this cross-sectional research. A sample of 300 Males and Female with age above 30 who have gone through COVID-19 and recovered before one month or more are included in the study. All patients who already had cognitive issues even before COVID-19 were excluded from the study. The study variables were measured using the MMSE (mental health) and WHOQOL-BREF (quality of life). Results: The results revealed that 128 participants (43%) of the respondents were male and 172 participants (57%) were female. The findings showed that 32 people were with normal mental health, 100 were with mild and 36 were with moderate mental health between the ages of 30-39. 52 people were with normal mental health, 24 were with mild and no one was with moderate mental health between the ages of 40-49. 4 people were with normal mental health, 4 were with mild and 24 were moderate mental health between the ages of 50-59. 12 people were with normal mental health with, 4 were with mild and no one was with moderate mental health between the ages of 60-69. The results also showed that there was a significant association between mental health and quality of life. chi-square test of independence showed significant association between mental health and quality of life with ꭓ2 (N = 300) = 600.0, p = .000. The findings showed that people with normal mental health had very good quality of life, people with mild mental health have poor quality of life and people with moderate mental health have very poor quality of life. Conclusion: It was concluded from the study that COVID-19 has badly effected mental health and quality of life of the patients suffered from coronavirus. Keywords: COVID-19, Mental Health, Quality of Life, Mental State Examination, Chi-Square
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