Brazil is a country of continental dimensions with a large heterogeneity of climates and massive mixing of the population. Almost the entire national territory is located between the Equator and the Tropic of Capricorn, and the Earth axial tilt to the south certainly makes Brazil one of the countries of the world with greater extent of land in proximity to the sun. The Brazilian coastline, where most of its population lives, is more than 8,500 km long. Due to geographic characteristics and cultural trends, Brazilians are among the peoples with the highest annual exposure to the sun. Epidemiological data show a continuing increase in the incidence of non-melanoma and melanoma skin cancers. Photoprotection can be understood as a set of measures aimed at reducing sun exposure and at preventing the development of acute and chronic actinic damage. Due to the peculiarities of Brazilian territory and culture, it would not be advisable to replicate the concepts of photoprotection from other developed countries, places with completely different climates and populations. Thus the Brazilian Society of Dermatology has developed the Brazilian Consensus on Photoprotection, the first official document on photoprotection developed in Brazil for Brazilians, with recommendations on matters involving photoprotection.

FUNDAMENTOS: A morbidade dos carcinomas basocelulares da pele vem aumentando no mundo. No Brasil não existem dados sobre coeficientes de morbidade desses cânceres. OBJETIVOS: Detectar a morbidade, analisar e classificar os cânceres basocelulares da pele em Blumenau, de 1980 a 1999, segundo as principais características clínicas e histológicas. MÉTODOS:Utilizaram-se exames histopatológicos oriundos dos laboratórios de Blumenau, revisados quanto às variáveis sexo, idade, localização primária e tipo histológico. Os coeficientes de morbidade anuais foram calculados utilizando o número de casos de neoplasias encontradas e a população anual estimada entre 1980 e 1999. RESULTADOS: Identificaram-se 5.254 carcinomas basocelulares, com maior freqüência nas mulheres e na faixa etária acima de 50 anos. A localização primária em áreas expostas foi predominante. Os coeficientes de morbidade encontrados variaram entre 51,5 casos por 100.000 habitantes em 1980 e 225 casos por 100.000 habitantes em 1999. CONCLUSÕES: Os cânceres basocelulares da pele encontrados em Blumenau estão dentro do padrão encontrado na literatura de acordo com a idade, localização anatômica e tipos histológicos. Os coeficientes de morbidade desse tumor são os únicos encontrados na literatura brasileira pesquisada.

Resumo: FUNDAMENTOS -A morbidade dos carcinomas espinocelulares da pele vem aumentando no mundo. No Brasil não existem dados sobre coeficientes de morbidade desses cânceres. OBJETIVOS -Detectar a morbidade, analisar e classificar os cânceres espinocelulares da pele e semimucosa do lábio em Blumenau, de 1980 a 1999, segundo as principais características clínicas e histológicas. MÉTODOS -Foram utilizados exames histopatológicos oriundos dos laboratórios de Blumenau, revisados quanto às variáveis sexo, idade, localização primária e tipo histológico. Os coeficientes de morbidade anuais foram calculados utilizando o número de casos de neoplasias encontradas e a população anual estimada entre 1980 e 1999. RESULTADOS -Identificaram-se 2.195 tumores, com maior freqüência em homens e na faixa etária acima de 60 anos. A localização primária em áreas expostas foi predominante. Os coeficientes de morbidade encontrados variaram entre 31,1 casos por 100.000 habitantes em 1980 e 86,3 casos por 100.000 habitantes em 1989. CONCLUSÃO -Os cânceres espinocelulares da pele e semimucosa do lábio encontrados em Blumenau, de acordo com a idade, localização anatômica e tipos histológicos, têm semelhança com os da literatura, e os coeficientes de morbidade são os únicos encontrados na literatura brasileira pesquisada. Descritores: carcinoma de células escamosas; epidemiologia; morbidade; neoplasias. Blumenau-SC-Brazil, from 1980to 1999 Abstract: BACKGROUND -The morbidity from skin squamous cell cancers is increasing worldwide. In Brazil there are no studies on the morbidity coefficients for this type of cancer. OBJECTIVES -To determine the morbidity coefficients, analyze and classify the squamous cell cancers diagnosed in the city of

BACKGROUNDThe incidence and morbidity of squamous cell cancers are increasing worldwide. Epidemiological studies with morbidity coefficients about this type of cancer are scarce in Brazil.OBJECTIVESTo determine morbidity coefficients, analyze and classify the squamous cell cancers diagnosed in the city of Blumenau - SC from 1980 to 2011, according to clinical and histological features.METHODSThe authors revised 4000 histopathological exams with respect to sex, age, anatomic site and histological type. The morbidity coefficients were calculated using the number of squamous cell cancers found and the annual population estimated by the Brazilian Institute of Geography and Statistics between 1980 and 2011.RESULTSA total of 4000 tumors were identified, 2249 (56.2%) in male and 1751 (43.8%) in female patients. The standard incidence rates varied from 40 cases in 1980 to 120 cases/100,000 inhabitants in 2011. The morbidity above 70 years of age reached 1484 cases/100,000 inhabitants in male and 975 in female patients. As to primary anatomic site, we found more tumors on the lips and ears in male and on the face and legs in female patients. As to the degree of involvement, the more frequent were Well Differentiated Squamous cell carcinomas (70%) and Moderate Squamous cell carcinomas (19,1%). The Low Differentiated Squamous cell carcinomas, which represented those with the worst prognosis, were found in 4.5% of the tumors.CONCLUSIONSquamous cell cancers in Blumenau - SC have similar patterns of distribution regarding age, primary anatomic site and histological types as found in the international literature. The morbidity increased by 300% in the last 31 years, which indicates that we need to dedicate special attention to the older population.

Abstract:The basal cell carcinoma is the most common skin cancer but the giant vegetating basal cell carcinoma reaches less than 0.5 % of all basal cell carcinoma types. The Giant BCC, defined as a lesion with more than 5 cm at its largest diameter, is a rare form of BCC and commonly occurs on the trunk. This patient, male, 42 years old presents a Giant Basal Cell Carcinoma which reaches 180 cm2 on the right shoulder and was negligent in looking for treatment. Surgical treatment was performed and no signs of dissemination or local recurrence have been detected after follow up of five years.

BACKGROUND: Warts are epithelial proliferations in the skin and mucous membrane caused by various types of HPV. They can decrease spontaneously or increase in size and number according to the patient's immune status. The Propionium bacterium parvum is a strong immune stimulant and immune modulator and has important effects in the immune system and it is able to produce antibodies in the skin. OBJECTIVE: To show the efficacy of the Propionium bacterium parvum in saline solution in the treatment of skin warts. METHODS: A randomized double-blind study. Twenty patients with multiple warts were divided into two groups: one received 0,1ml intradermal injection of placebo solution in just one of the warts and the other received 0,1 ml of saline solution of Propionium bacterium parvum, one dose a month, for 3 to 5 months. RESULTS: Among the 20 patients who participated in the study, ten received the placebo and ten received the saline solution with Propionium bacterium parvum. In 9 patients treated with the Propionium bacterium parvum solution the warts disappeared without scars and in 1 patient it decreased in size. In 9 patients who received the placebo no change to the warts was observed and in 1 it decreased in size. CONCLUSIONS: The immune modulator and immune stimulant Propionium bacterium parvum produced antibodies in the skin which destroyed the warts without scars, with statistically significant results (P<0,001), and cured 90 % of the patients. We suggest the use of the immune stimulant in the treatment of warts.

Abstract:The authors report a primary cutaneous cryptococcosis, caused by Cryptococcus neoformans in immunocompetent patient, a farmer who developed extensive lesions at the site of an injury caused by one of the chickens on his right forearm, while he was cleaning out his barn. Oral treatment with fluconazole was totally successful. A review of the literature showed the rarity of cutaneous cryptococcosis in immunocompetent patients and in contrast, that skin lesions frequently occur in immunocompromised patients. Keywords: Cryptococcosis; Cryptococcus neoformans; Fluconazole Resumo: Os autores relatam caso de Criptococcose cutânea primária, causada pelo Cryptococcus neoformans, em paciente imunocompetente, fazendeiro que desenvolveu extensivas lesões, no antebraço, após injúria provocada por galináceo, quando fazia limpeza de seu celeiro. Tratamento oral com fluconazol resultou em cura total. A literatura relata raridade de criptococcose cutânea primária em imunocompetentes e sua relativa frequência em imunodeprimidos.

A case of squamous cell carcinoma of the tongue was complicated by post operative hyponatraemia. The criteria for the syndrome of inappropriate secretion of anti diuretic hormone, [ADH] (SIADH) were met but the patient remained hyponatraemic despite adequate treatment. The patient had previously received radical external radiotherapy to the neck and was found to be profoundly hypothyroid. Correction of the hypothyroid state led to clinical and biochemical recovery. The frequency of post-irradiation hypothyroidism and the possible mechanisms of hypothyroid-induced hyponatraemia are discussed