. 2000. Whole-body protein metabolism and plasma profiles of amino acids and hormones in growing barrows fed diets adequate or deficient in lysine. Can. J. Anim. Sci. 80: 585-595. Eighteen growing barrows (body weight: 26.6 ± 1.4 kg) were assigned (day 0) to one of three levels of dietary lysine: to be deficient (0.45%; L1), to achieve (0.75%; L2), or to exceed (0.98%; L3) National Research Council (NRC) (1988) lysine requirements (as-fed basis), according to a completely randomized block design. Nitrogen balance was measured over a 6-d period (days 10 to 16). On day 16, pigs were moved into respiratory chambers and received a 6-h continuous i.v. infusion of NaH 13 CO 3 (1.66 µmol h -1 kg -1 , preceded by a priming dose of 2.35 µmol kg -1 ) on day 17. The following day, pigs received an i.v. infusion of L-[1-13 C]leucine (11.07 µmol h -1 kg -1 , preceded by a priming dose of 11.07 µmol kg -1 ). Average daily gain and nitrogen retention increased (P < 0.10) by 36 and 20%, respectively, as dietary lysine content increased from L1 to L3. Leucine irreversible loss rate increased (P < 0.05) by 14% from diets L1 to L3, while leucine oxidation remained constant (P > 0.10) between diets. In consequence, fractional oxidation decreased (P < 0.05) by 20%, from L1 to L3. Protein synthesis and degradation increased (P < 0.05) from diets L1 to L2, but the values for the diets L2 and L3 were similar. Insulin levels tended to increase from L1 to L3 (P < 0.10), while that of triiodothyronine decreased from diets L1 to L3 (P < 0.05). Daily feed intake, nutrient digestibility, energy metabolism and plasma concentrations of insulin-like growth factor 1 and growth hormone were not affected (P > 0.10) by treatments. In conclusion, the improvement in protein gain associated with increasing lysine supplementation to achieve lysine requirement involved a general stimulation of whole-body turnover, protein synthesis being increased to a larger extent than protein degradation.Key words: Pigs, protein, metabolism, hormone, lysine, leucine Roy, N., Lapierre, H. et Bernier, J.F. 2000. Métabolisme protéique de l'organisme entier et profil plasmatique des acides aminés et des hormones chez des porcs en croissance alimentés avec des régimes adéquats ou carencés en lysine. Can. J. Anim. Sci. 80: 585-595. Dix-huit porcs en croissance (poids vif: 26,6 ± 1,4 kg) ont été répartis (jour 0) selon un dispositif expéri-mental en blocs complets aléatoires dans l'une des trois rations suivantes: 0,45% (L1), 0,75% (L2) et 0,98% (L3) de lysine, sur une base tel que servi. Le bilan azoté a été déterminé pendant une période de 6 jours (j 10 à 16). Les porcs, placés en chambres respiratoires, ont été perfusés i.v. avec du NaH 13 CO 3 (1,66 µmole h -1 kg -1 , précédé par une dose d'amorçage de 2,35 µmole kg -1 ) et de la L-[1-13 C]leucine (11,07 µmole h -1 kg -1 précédé par une dose d'amorçage de 11,07 µmole kg -1 ) pendant 6 h aux jours 17 et 18, respectivement. Le gain moyen quotidien et la rétention azotée ont augmenté (P < 0,10) de 36 et 20%, respectivement...

. 1998. Whole-body protein synthesis in growing barrows: diurnal and dayto-day variation and the effect of site of tracer infusion and sampling. Can. J. Anim. Sci. 78: 575-585. In the first experiment, two catheters were placed in one of three sites for infusion and sampling (vena cava and vena cava with 7 cm between catheter tips, VC/VC, n = 5; right ventricle and atrium, RV/RA, n = 5; anterior aorta and left ventricle, AA/LV, n = 4) to determine the effect of site on the measurement of CO 2 and leucine kinetics. Pigs received a 6-h continuous i.v. infusion of NaH 13 CO 3 (1.45 µmol h -1 kg -1 , preceded by a priming dose of 2.05 µmol kg -1 ) and of L[1-13 C]leucine (9.7 µmol h -1 kg -1 , preceded by a priming dose of 9.7 µmol kg -1 ), the following day. No effect (P > 0.10) of site was observed on NaH 13 CO 3 recovery rate, leucine irreversible loss rate (leucine ILR) and leucine used for protein synthesis (LS). A tendency (P < 0.10) for increased leucine oxidation (LO) was observed with the VC/VC compared to the RV/RA sites. In the second experiment, six growing barrows with catheters in the VC/VC site were infused as earlier with NaH 13 CO 3 and L[1-13 C]leucine for three different 6h periods (12:00 to 18:00 h, first day; 20:00 to 02:00 h, night; 12:00 to 18:00 h, second day) to determine the diurnal and day-to-day variation of CO 2 and leucine kinetics. No effect (P > 0.10) of period was observed on NaH 13 CO 3 recovery rate, leucine ILR and LS. The LO was lower (P < 0.05) on the second day compared with the first day (day-to-day variation) while similar (P > 0.10) LO was observed between the first day and night (diurnal variation). Together, these results indicate that 1) the VC/VC site can be used for L[1-13 C]leucine and NaH 13 CO 3 infusions, 2) NaH 13 CO 3 recovery studies can be performed either the day preceding or following the measurement of substrate and 3) protein synthesis estimated from a 6-h infusion period can be extrapolated to the 24 h periods under conditions of frequent feeding.Key words: Pigs, leucine, protein synthesis, tracer techniques, diurnal variation Roy, N., Lapierre, H., Estrada, R. et Bernier, J. F. 1998. Synthèse protéique de l'organisme entier chez les porcs en croissance: variation diurne, quotidienne et l'effet de sites d'infusion et de prélèvement du traceur. Can. J. Anim. Sci. 78: 575-585. Dans la première expérience, deux cathéters ont été placés dans un des sites sélectionnés (veine cave et veine cave avec 7 cm entre les extrémités des cathéters, VC/VC, n = 5; ventricule et oreillette droits, RV/RA, n = 5; aorte antérieure et ventricule gauche, AA/LV, n = 4) pour vérifier l'effet du site de perfusion et de prélèvement sur les cinétiques du CO 2 et de la leucine. Les porcs ont été perfusés i.v. durant 6 h avec du NaH 13 CO 3 (1,45 µmol h -1 kg -1 , précédé d'une dose d'amorçage de 2,05 µmol kg -1 ) et avec de la L-[1-13 C] leucine (9,7 µmol h -1 kg -1 , précédé d'une dose d'amorçage de 9,7 µmol kg -1 ), le lendemain. Aucun effet (P > 0,10) des sites n'a été observé sur l...

S. 2001. Feeding motivation in swine: Relation with insulin, glucose and free fatty acids in portal and jugular blood, and involvement of cholecystokinin. Can. J. Anim. Sci. 81: 75-82. The control of feeding motivation was studied in eight castrated male pigs (92.9 ± 1.5 kg) surgically fitted with jugular and portal vein catheters. The first part of the experiment was set up as a cross-over design. Two weeks after surgery, four pigs were fasted for 24 h (FAST) while the remaining four were fed ad libitum (CTL). Three days later, the same procedure was repeated with the treatments reversed. Blood samples were collected every 4 h during the first 16 h of these two 24-h periods. After each 24-h period, pigs were subjected to a feed motivation test during which blood samples were obtained every 5 min for 60 min for CTL pigs and until 30 min after cessation of eating in FAST pigs. Three days later, the second part of the experiment was conducted. Five of the eight pigs were fasted for another 24 h, injected i.v. with 70 µg kg -1 BW of a cholecystokinin (CCK) receptor antagonist (MK-329), and subsequently subjected to a feed motivation test. Insulin, glucose and FFA concentrations were greater (P < 0.001) in portal than jugular blood. Fasting decreased insulin concentrations in both portal and jugular blood, decreased glucose in portal blood only, and increased FFA in jugular blood only. The number of pushes (P < 0.05), duration of eating (P < 0.001) and amount of feed eaten during the feed motivation test (P < 0.01) were all increased by fasting, and were further increased with MK-329 injection. Results indicate that CCK is involved in the control of satiety in pigs and that concentrations of insulin, glucose and FFA in the jugular vein may not always be representative of concentrations in the portal vein.Key words: Swine, insulin, glucose, cholecystokinin, feeding motivation, fast Farmer, C., Roy, N., Rushen, J. et Robert, S. 2001. Motivation alimentaire chez le porc: relation avec l'insuline, le glucose et les acides gras libres dans la veine porte ou jugulaire, et implication de la cholécystokinine. Can. J. Anim. Sci. 81: 75-82. Le contrôle de la motivation alimentaire a été étudié chez huit porcs castrés (92 ± 1.5 kg) avec des cathéters dans les veines porte et jugulaire. Cette première partie de l'expérience a été faite selon un plan croisé. Deux semaines apres la chirurgie, quatre porcs ont été soumis à un jeûne de 24 h (FAST) tandis que les quatre autres ont été nourris ad libitum (CTL). Trois jours plus tard, la même procédure a été répétée mais les traitements ont été inversés. Des échantillons sanguins ont été obtenus aux 4 h pendant les premières 16 h de ces deux périodes de 24 h. Après chaque période de 24 h, les porcs ont été soumis à un test de motivation alimentaire pendant lequel des échantillons sanguins ont été obtenus aux 5 min pendant 60 min pour les porcs CTL et jusqu'à 30 min suivant la fin du repas chez les porcs FAST. Trois jours plus tard, la deuxième partie de l'expérience a eu lieu. Cinq d...

Background: Migraine is one of the most common neurological disorder and fourth most important factor for debility in human. The presentation of migraine is complex. All patients do not have same features of migraine. Objectives: The purpose of the study was to evaluate demographic and clinical patterns of headache in migraine patients. Methods: A total of 30 migraine patients who were visited in the Headache clinic, Department of Neurology, BSMMU, Dhaka were enrolled for the study. Migraine patients diagnosed according to ICHD-3 (International Classification of Headache Disorders 3rd edition) criteria. Results: Out of 30 patients mean age was 30.63±10.95 years with age range 15-60 years in migraine patients. Female were more common. Positive family history was present in 56.7% patients. Common associated symptoms were photophobia, phonophobia (96.7%) and nausea (83.3%) in migraine patients. Common precipitating factors were stress and sunlight (90%) followed by journey (80%) and insomnia (73.3%). A major portion of migraine was without aura (73.3%) and the ratio of aura to without aura is 1: 2.75. Major portion of migraine patients were complained of 4-6 attacks/ month (46.7%) which was followed by 1-3 attacks/month (36.7%). Most of the migraine patients complained as moderate headache (60%) followed by severe headache (40%). Conclusion: This study concluded that migraine is a disease of younger age group and it affects female more commonly than male, pattern of headache in migraine patients is unique. Bangladesh Journal of Neuroscience 2019; Vol. 35 (2): 63-68

Background: Atherosclerotic risk factors frequently lead to ischemic stroke. The thickness of the carotid intima-media thickness (CIMT) is a significant indicator for early atherosclerosis alterations. The aim of the study is to evaluate the association between ischemic stroke patients and CIMT. Methods: A total of 50 patients were recruited in this cross-sectional descriptive study which was carried out in the Department of Neurology, BSMMU, from January 2015 to June 2016. All patients of ischemic stroke were confirmed by history, examination and CT scan of head/MRI of brain. Carotid ultrasound scan was done to detect intima-media thickness (IMT) of both sided carotid bifurcation, common carotid and internal carotid artery and performed by a single sonographer at the Department of Neurology, BSMMU. Results: This population has a total of 27 male and 23 female with mean age 60.7± 13.6 years. Maximum patients (72%) were found to be above 50 year of age. After risk factor stratification among the study population, HTN, dyslipidemia was the most followed by positive family history, smoker, DM, IHD. Among study population 45 cases were anterior circulation stroke and only 5 cases were posterior circulation stroke. Maximum mean IMT=1.2± 0.3, minimum mean IMT=1.0±0.10 mm and least IMT was 0.7mm. (Normal CIMT value is < 0.8mm). The mean IMT was higher at symptomatic side in comparison to the asymptomatic side. Higher IMT was found mostly at the carotid bifurcation and higher IMT at one site was significantly correlated with other sites (r= +0.435, p=0.002), there was also correlation between IMT and risk factor (r=+0.265, p=0.063). Increased IMT was more marked in patients with risk factors in comparison to without risk factor, like smoker & nonsmoker but not statistically significant (ORR=2.00, 95% CI 0.636- 6.286, p=0.233). Conclusion: The present Study found that extra-cranial carotid artery intima media thickness (IMT) was higher than normal level in ischemic stroke patients. Higher CIMT was found at symptomatic side in comparison to the asymptomatic side. Bangladesh J Medicine 2022; 33: 24-30