Background and Objectives: In the past few years, application of new antimicrobial e.g. nanoparticles (NPs) to treat infec- tion caused by drug-resistantbacteria has increased. This study aimed to determine antimicrobial property of silver nanopar- ticles (AgNPs) and gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) in combination with linezolid on Enterococcus biofilm. Materials and Methods: A total of forty-eight isolates of Enterococcus spp. were collected and confirmed by PCR method. The synthesis of biocompatibleAgNPs was performed, then analyzed by Fourier Transform Infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), and Transmission ElectronMicroscopy. We carried out minimum inhibitory concen- tration (MIC) and biofilm forming capacity of AgNPs and AuNPs with linezolid. Results: Twenty-two E. faecium isolates and twenty- six E. faecalis investigated in this study. Strong biofilm formation was seen in 12 (25%) of isolates, andothers isolates (75%) formed moderate biofilm. AgNPs and Au-NPs size were 26 nm and 20 nm respectively. The MIC of AgNPs was 23.2 μg/ml, and AuNPs were 92.1 μg/ml and the lowest MIC was obtained 2 μg/ml in linezolid. Biofilmformation inhibitory activity by AuNPs + Linezolide and AgNPs + Linezolide 70 to 80 percent increased in average. Conclusion: The antibiofilm activity of AgNPs and AuNPs increased when both agents were used in combination with linezolid in comparison with each agent alone.
Introduction: The Human bocavirus (HBoV) was first identified from the nasopharyngeal aspirate specimen in 2005, which includes four subtypes (HBoV1-4). The HBoV-1 is a major subtype in acute respiratory infections of children, and others (HBoV2-4) present in the stool specimens. The pathogenic role of HBoV2-4 in acute gastroenteritis has not confirmed yet, therefore, it has been considered widely. Case Presentation: In this report, we presented a 2-month-old boy with acute gastroenteritis admitted to the Shahid Beheshti Hospital of Kashan, Iran. The stool sample of the patient was tested for HBoV by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) of the NP-1 gene. The other major gastrointestinal pathogens of Salmonella spp., Shigella spp., Giardia lamblia, and Entamoeba histolytica were confirmed by specialized microbiological procedures and viral pathogen of Rotavirus by the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. This case was confirmed by NP-1 plasmid cloned as a positive control. All clinical manifestations were analyzed by a pediatric nurse through hospital admission. Conclusions: This case was found HBoV-positive for the NP-1 gene of 354 bp by PCR. The major signs were diarrhea, fever, dehydration, and abdominal pain. This case was charged after supportive therapies for dehydration. We showed that HBoV could be a gastrointestinal pathogen in pediatric patients and causing diarrhea in young children. However, more studies are needed to confirm.
BackgroundOne of the most resistant important mechanisms against beta-lactam antibiotics is Extended-spectrum beta-lactamase. These enzymes can hydrolyze penicillin, cephalosporin, Cephamycin, and monobactam. The genes of these enzymes are located on integron and can be transmitted to other strains of bacteria, including the Enterobacteriaceae.The study of ESBL genes is critical for the report to clinicians for an appropriate antibiotic pattern. This study aimed for rapid and precise identification of ESBL genes by the Multiplex PCR method.Methods In this study, three pair primers were designed for common ESBL genes (TEM, AmpC, KPC) using Genscript software. The first use contains control positive genes was performed set-up of PCR. Negative control samples and the 50 isolates of the Escherichia coli isolated from Baqiyatallah hospital were studied with this method. Results The results of this research showed that primers designed for ESBL genes (TEM, AmpC, KPC) were able to simultaneously identify positive control samples. The sensitivity of the multiplex PCR technique for ESBL genes was 1 pg and specificity reported 100%.Conclusion This study showed that a Multiplex PCR designed with a sensitivity of 1 pg and 100% specificity can correctly detect ESBL genes. Therefore, by quickly and correctly identifying the pattern of antibiotic resistance and providing a suitable treatment pattern to physicians, the spread of antibiotic resistance genes as well as the occurrence of economic and human losses can be prevented.
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