BackgroundOne of the most resistant important mechanisms against beta-lactam antibiotics is Extended-spectrum beta-lactamase. These enzymes can hydrolyze penicillin, cephalosporin, Cephamycin, and monobactam. The genes of these enzymes are located on integron and can be transmitted to other strains of bacteria, including the Enterobacteriaceae.The study of ESBL genes is critical for the report to clinicians for an appropriate antibiotic pattern. This study aimed for rapid and precise identification of ESBL genes by the Multiplex PCR method.Methods In this study, three pair primers were designed for common ESBL genes (TEM, AmpC, KPC) using Genscript software. The first use contains control positive genes was performed set-up of PCR. Negative control samples and the 50 isolates of the Escherichia coli isolated from Baqiyatallah hospital were studied with this method. Results The results of this research showed that primers designed for ESBL genes (TEM, AmpC, KPC) were able to simultaneously identify positive control samples. The sensitivity of the multiplex PCR technique for ESBL genes was 1 pg and specificity reported 100%.Conclusion This study showed that a Multiplex PCR designed with a sensitivity of 1 pg and 100% specificity can correctly detect ESBL genes. Therefore, by quickly and correctly identifying the pattern of antibiotic resistance and providing a suitable treatment pattern to physicians, the spread of antibiotic resistance genes as well as the occurrence of economic and human losses can be prevented.
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