Aim To examine the relationship between corneal nerve fiber length (CNFL) and diabetic neuropathy (DN) status in patients with type 1 or type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM) Methods In this cross-sectional study, we examined 25 diabetic patients without DN, 10 patients with mild DN, 8 patients with severe DN, and 9 controls without diabetes. DN status was assigned based on a combination of clinical symptoms, signs, and electrophysiological testing. Patients underwent corneal confocal microscopy (CCM) of the sub-basal nerve plexus. Post-hoc analysis of the CCM images was performed to quantify the average CNFL, and ANOVA was used to assess for differences in CNFL. Results All 25 subjects without DN had type 1 DM, and subjects with DN had type 2 DM. Participants with severe DN had significantly lower CNFL (12.5 ± 6.1 mm/mm2) compared to controls (20.7 ± 2.2 mm/mm2) (p=0.009). However, lower CNFL was also found in participants with type 1 DM who did not have DN (15.1 ± 4.7 mm/mm2) relative to controls (p=0.033). Conclusions CCM of the sub-basal nerve plexus may be an indicator of early peripheral nerve degeneration in type 1 DM. Type of diabetes, in addition to degree of neuropathy, may influence the extent of corneal nerve damage.

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This study demonstrates that CCT increases with DPN severity because of an increase in stromal thickness. CCT increase associated with DPN has important clinical implications including glaucoma progression, keratoconus susceptibility, and intraocular pressure assessment and should be accounted for when evaluating patients with diabetes.

Odontomas are the most common of the odontogenic tumors of the jaws, which are benign, slow growing, and nonaggressive. They are usually asymptomatic and found in routine dental radiographic examination. Odontomas are usually associated with tooth eruption disturbances. Eruption of odontoma in oral cavity is rare entity. Here we report a case of an unusual erupted compound odontoma.