Objective: Informed consent forms that are used prior to administering anaesthesia inform patients before any proposed surgical procedure or treatment. They should provide patients with sufficient information about the operation and treatment. Readibility refers to whether it is easy or hard for a reader to read and understand an available text, and this is evaluated via various formulas. The aim of this study was to evaluate the readability of different informed consent forms commonly used in the anaesthesiology departments of different hospitals in our country using different readability formulas. Methods: After obtaining ethics committee approval, the readability of different consent forms used in the anaesthesiology departments of university hospitals (n=15), Ministry of Health (MOH) education and research hospitals (n=15), and public hospitals (n=15) was analysed. Each consent form was displayed electronically in "Microsoft Word" and the number of words contained was counted automatically. The first 100 words on the first page of the forms were evaluated using the Gunning Fog, Flesch-Kincaid and Ateşman readability formulations. The rate of medical terms detected within these 100 words was determined as a percentage (%). Results: Different consent forms obtained from 45 anaesthesia departments were assessed using various readability formulas. According to the Gunning Fog index, the readability of the consent forms obtained from MOH education and research and public hospitals was relatively low. The Flesch-Kincaid index measured very low levels of readability in all institutions. The Ateşman index displayed very low readability levels for the consent forms used in university hospitals, and low levels in other institutions. Conclusion: We conclude that the readability of the anaesthesia informed consent forms is low. The level of education in our country should be considered in the preparation of anaesthesia consent forms. We believe that physicians should pay more attention to this medical and legal issue.

We evaluated the readability of Internet-sourced patient education materials (PEMs) related to “labour analgesia.” In addition to assessing the readability of websites, we aimed to compare commercial, personal, and academic websites.We used the most popular search engine (http://www.google.com) in our study. The first 100 websites in English that resulted from a search for the key words “labour analgesia” were scanned. Websites that were not in English, graphs, pictures, videos, tables, figures and list formats in the text, all punctuation, the number of words in the text is less than 100 words, feedback forms not related to education, (Uniform Resource Locator) URL websites, author information, references, legal disclaimers, and addresses and telephone numbers were excluded.The texts included in the study were assessed using the Flesch Reading Ease Score (FRES), Flesch-Kincaid Grade Level (FKGL), Simple Measure of Gobbledygook (SMOG), and Gunning Frequency of Gobbledygook (FOG) readability formulae. The number of Latin words within the text was determined.Analysis of 300-word sections of the texts revealed that the mean FRES was 47.54 ± 12.54 (quite difficult), mean FKGL and SMOG were 11.92 ± 2.59 and 10.57 ± 1.88 years of education, respectively, and mean Gunning FOG was 14.71 ± 2.76 (very difficult). Within 300-word sections, the mean number of Latin words was identified as 16.56 ± 6.37.In our study, the readability level of Internet-sourced PEM related to “labour analgesia” was identified to be quite high indicating poor readability.

Background. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of local ischemic preconditioning using biochemical markers and histopathologically in the diabetic rat renal IR injury model. Methods. DM was induced using streptozotocin. Rats were divided into four groups: Group I, nondiabetic sham group (n = 7), Group II, diabetic sham group (n = 6), Group III, diabetic IR group (diabetic IR group, n = 6), and Group IV, diabetic IR + local ischemic preconditioning group (diabetic IR + LIPC group, n = 6). Ischemic renal injury was induced by clamping the bilateral renal artery for 45 min. 4 h following ischemia, clearance protocols were applied to assess biochemical markers and histopathologically in rat kidneys. Results. The histomorphologic total cell injury scores of the nondiabetic sham group were significantly lower than diabetic sham, diabetic IR, and diabetic IR + LIPC groups. Diabetic IR group scores were not significantly different than the diabetic sham group. But diabetic IR + LIPC group scores were significantly higher than the diabetic sham and diabetic IR groups. Conclusion. Local ischemic preconditioning does not reduce the risk of renal injury induced by ischemia/reperfusion in diabetic rat model.

It was determined that each dose of remifentanil used was quite high for patients of this age-group. ClinicalTrials.gov trial number: NCT02763098.

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Pharmacologic conditioning with dexmedetomidine and remote ischemic preconditioning when combined with dexmedetomidine significantly decreases renal ischemia-reperfusion injury histomorphologically. Combined use of two methods prevents apoptosis via active caspase-3.

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The aim of this study was to evaluate the changes in perfusion index (PI), skin temperature, and mean arterial pressure (MAP) during spinal anesthesia and to determine the success of spinal anesthesia using the PI values.Methods: A total of 128 patients belonging to American Society of Anesthesiologists' physical status I-II undergoing elective surgery under spinal anesthesia at the T10 level were included in this study. MAP, heart rate, body temperature, PI, and spinal anesthesia level, determined with the pinprick test, were recorded from baseline to 30 min following anesthesia induction. Repeated measures ANOVA test was used to evaluate changes after spinal block and linear mixed models were created. Time-dependent receiver operating characteristics (ROC) curves, using post-anesthetic 2 nd min PI measurements and time to T10 spinal anesthesia level, were estimated to predict further successful spinal blockade. In addition, standard ROC curve analysis was performed for the PI ratios.Results: There was a significant linear increase in PI values (β=0.14, standard error = 0.01, p<0.001). Time-dependent ROC curves became significant for the post-anesthetic 6th min and after. Specificity was 100% after the 15 th min. The cutoff value of post-anesthetic 2nd min PI was 2.4 (Area under the ROC curve-AUC: 0.71, 95% confidence interval: 0.59-0.83, sensitivity: 47%, specificity: 100%) to predict successful spinal blockage for the 15 th min. In standard ROC curve analysis, only the 2 nd min ROC curve revealed a significant AUC. Conclusion:All of the patients whose PI measurement at the 2 nd min after the induction of anesthesia was above 2.4, reached the T10 spinal block level at the 15 th min after induction. This finding must be supported by the increasing trend in PI individually. Adaptation of the study findings to the operation room practice may be considered for the patients with limited compliance to the pinprick test.