Valproic acid (VPA) is an efficient antiepileptic drug widely used for the treatment of epilepsy and other seizures in both children and adults. It is also reported to have side and toxic effects on many organs and tissues. Vitamin B 6 (Vit B 6 ) is a welldescribed water-soluble vitamin, which has an antioxidant effect. In this study, we aimed to investigate the protective effect of Vit B 6 on VPA-induced brain injury.Male Sprague-Dawley rats were divided into four groups. Group I, control animals;Group II, Vit B 6 (50 mg/kg/day) given rats; Group III, VPA (500 mg/kg/day) given rats; Group IV, VPA and Vit B 6 given rats at same dose and time. VPA and Vit B 6 were administered intraperitoneally and orally, respectively, for 7 days. At the end of the experiments, the rats were sacrificed and brain tissues were taken. Protein carbonyl and sialic acid levels, xanthine oxidase, adenosine deaminase, acetylcholine esterase, lactate dehydrogenase, myeloperoxidase activities, total oxidant status, and reactive oxygen species levels were found to be increased, while glutathione and total antioxidant capacity levels, catalase, superoxide dismutase, glutathione-Stransferase, paraoxonase, and glutathione reductase activities were found to be decreased in the VPA group. Administration of Vit B 6 reversed these defects in the VPA group. These findings indicate that Vit B 6 has a protective effect on VPAinduced brain damage.
Abstract:In this study, four new and two known amino acid Schiff base compounds derived from the condensation reaction of benzaldehyde, salicylaldehyde, pyrrole-2-carbaldehyde, pyridine-2-carbaldehyde, fluorene-2-carbaldehyde and terephthalaldehyde with 2-phenylglycine methyl ester hydrochloride have been synthesized by both conventional method and microwave irradiation protocol. The new compounds were characterized by FTIR, 1 H-NMR, LC-MS and electronic spectral studies. A comparative study between conventional heating and microwave irradiation has also been reported. Based on these results, with the microwave synthesis, the yield of the products was increased from 37% up to 96% as compared to conventional method. By microwave, reactions were completed within 5.5-8.5 minutes and the products were obtained in good to high yields, with reduced time, waste, and formation byproduct. DPPH (2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl) radical scavenging effect were performed to determine antioxidant activities of the new compounds. All of the compounds exhibited significant activities in DPPH radical scavenging.
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