The discourse about combating corruption through restorative justice has produced positive and negative outcomes. The extraordinary crime of corruption features several distinguishing characteristics distinct from those of general crimes. Even though restorative justice is a method of modernizing the way law enforcement is practiced, the policy that is used to put it into effect needs to be extremely selective and cautious. This study will investigate the applicability of restorative justice to acts of corruption. The research comprises two research questions. 1) How is the concept of Restorative Justice regulated in Indonesia? 2) How is the analysis of Law Number 20 of 2001 concerning Amendments to Law Number 31 of 1999 concerning the Eradication of Corruption Crimes on the resolution of corruption through restorative justice? The research employed a normative method that combined a statutory and conceptual approach to problem formulation, indicating that, first, the restorative justice concept is regulated in Indonesia through technical regulations developed by each law enforcement agency, with limited implementation. Second, restorative justice in the settlement of corruption contravenes Article 4 Law Number 20 of 2001 concerning Amendments to Law Number 31 of 1999 concerning the Eradication of Corruption Crimes and is a step back in efforts to eradicate corruption, as well as inconsistent with the state's obligation to support policies and effective practices in eradicating corruption as regulated by UNCAC.
Nowadays, piracy as one of crimes at sea has formed in different ways compared to the historical counterparts. On the past, the act of piracy consisted of first approaching the ship, then fighting it, and finally seizing it before escaping in another vessel. Meanwhile, in recent times, more sophisticated kinds of piracy are launching their assaults with the help of cutting-edge technology. However, due to UNCLOS's restricted definition of piracy, it is challenging to combat such modern forms. According to experts, one of the greatest barriers to tackling piracy is its restricted and vague definition. This research aims to analyse the applicability of the UNCLOS definition of maritime piracy considering its new developments. This research method consists of doctrinal and library-based research. The previous and recent cases are contrasted to investigate definitional issues. The study revealed that UNCLOS's ambiguous and unclear definition of piracy has caused problems. Regarding contemporary piracy, the UCLOS approach is insufficient to combat well-organized pirate attacks in the modern world.
In 2020, Indonesia's corruption Perception Index (CPI) ranked 102 out of 180 countries with a score of 37. This decline is the first since Indonesia's previous CPI improved in 2019. Corruption eradication was conducted in various ways and by government efforts to improve technical regulations through derivative regulations and the Supreme Court's regulations. At the end of 2020, a Supreme Court Regulation was issued regarding the regulation of Articles 2 and 3 of Law Number 20 of 2001 concerning Amendments to Law Number 31 of 1999 concerning Eradication of Corruption Crimes. This research is normative. The material is obtained through works of the literature analyzed and described in a descriptive qualitative manner. The results depicted that Perma 1/2020 is not yet relevant to eradicate corruption in Indonesia. Issuance of Perma 1/2020 is still sectoral because it only regulates Article 2 and Article 3 of the Corruption Act. Abstrak Pada tahun 2020, Indeks Persepsi korupsi Indonesia berada pada peringkat 102 dari 180 negara dengan skor 37. Penurunan ini adalah yang pertama sejak IPK Indonesia sebelumnya sempat membaik pada 2019. Pemberantasan korupsi dilakukan dengan berbagai cara, juga dengan usaha pemerintah untuk memperbaiki regulasi secara teknis melalui peraturan turunan seperti halnya peraturan mahkamah agung. Pada akhir tahun 2020, terbit Peraturan mahkamah Agung terkait pengaturan Pasal 2 dan 3 Undang-Undang Nomor 20 Tahun 2001 tentang Perubahan atas Undang-undang Nomor 31 tahun 1999 tentang Pemberantasan Tindak Pidana Korupsi. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian normatif, bahan diperoleh melalui studi Pustaka yang kemudian dianalisis dan diuraikan secara deskriptif kualitatif. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa Perma 1/2020 belum relevan terhadap upaya pemberantasan korupsi di Indonesia. Penerbitan Perma 1/2020 yang masih bersifat sektoral karena hanya mengatur substansi Pasal 2 dan Pasal 3 UU Tipikor.
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