Abstract. The use of modern eco-oriented approaches in agriculture ensures not only the conservation of natural resources and the restoration of damaged ecosystems, but also the growth of agrocenoses productivity, increasing the tolerance of artificial ecosystems to unfavorable factors of natural and anthropic origin. The identification of consortia relations, carried out in the present article, allows to create the information database for accumulating and processing information on the patterns of ecosystem functioning in arid conditions. This provides researchers and farmers with a set of unified ecosystem tools to ensure sustainability and productivity of agrocenosis that increases the economic efficiency of management system and ensures the success of environmental management.The research carried out in three typical landscape localizations are intended to assess the state of agrocenoses, the nearby low-changed steppe sites and man-made intrusions, characterized by a high degree of anthropogenic load. The patterns of species distribution in the studied communities, the features of material and energy exchange will allow creating a database for describing the typical consortia, forecasting processes in agrocenoses and natural communities, controling the metabolism of the communities using metered-dose unidirectional biotic and abiotic agents. The distinctive natural and artificially modified communities are described. Soil and climate, phytocenological, zoological and microbiological characteristics of the studied objects are given. The peculiar forms of intrusions, the features of spatial distribution and quantitative dynamics of the species composing the communities are revealed and described; the typical species-edificators are pre-determined.The authors also determine the choice of consortium relations that are significant for the implementation of targeted high-precision management of biocenoses with the aim of increasing the stability of natural communities and the economic efficiency of agrocenoses.
Onistratenko N.V., Ivantsova E.A., Denysov A.A., Solodnikov D.A.: Heavy metals in suburban ecosystems of industrial centers and ways of their reducation. Ekológia (Bratislava), Vol. 35, No. 3, p. 205-212, 2016. Technogenic contamination of ecosystems is one of the main dangers of our time. In order to reduce the harmful effects of this contamination and to provide cost-effective and environmentally safe food production methods, we are forced to look for ways of reliable analysis of the environmental situation, the selection systems of animal husbandry and regulations for the degree of impact of pollutants on the elements of the agroecosystem. This article presents the results of studies aimed at assessing the plight of the environment of a large industrial centre, and its anthropogenic impacts on every element of the suburban ecosystems. It presents data on maintenance and migration of anthropogenous pollutants in the trophic chains of pasturable ecosystems of the suburb of Volgograd. The authors have listed the industrial enterprises as the key sources of pollution. The features of the distribution of xenobiotics in the tissues and organs of calves and heifers of different breeds were analysed in the study. Conclusions were drawn on the accumulation of heavy metals and arsenic in cattle, and the impact of this factor on the quality of production. A comparative assessment of the resistance of different breeds of cows to the action of toxicants in the environment of the Lower Volga region was carried out. Ways to decrease the impact of pollutants on the cattle organism have also been suggested. The article pays attention to the environmental pollution of the industrial centre, the influence of these processes on all elements of an ecosystem including humans, and offers ways to minimize the damage.
The need to ensure sustainable development of the agricultural complex in the face of increasing aridity, as well as the need to reduce product contamination with xenobiotics, makes agricultural producers turn to the achievements of environmental science and practically use the general patterns of the structure and functioning of ecosystems. The goal of the authors' research was to clear the ways of influencing agrocenosis through the use of natural consortium relations between different species. The article describes the methods of research and the results, the significance of which for agroecosystems of the Lower Volga region is high due to their wide applicability and the absence of earlier systematized information on this topic. Readers are invited to the typical consortia "cultivated plant-phytophagous", "weed plantphytopathogenic microbiocomplex", "phytophagousentomophage", "cultural plant-entomophage", combination and alternation of which allows us to build manageable trophic chains that naturally reduce the influence of pests and weeds plants onto the cultivated crop.
The researches give results on the ecology and phenology of the most basic and common types of bloodsucking midges of the Simuliidae family. This article shows dynamics of the species composition and average seasonal number of blood-sucking subfamily Simuliinae midges in water reservoirs of the Volgograd and its possible relationship with the effects of a complex of various abiotic and biotic factors. Our studies made possible to assess the effectiveness and environmental safety of measures on regulation the mass reproduction of midges. This research substantiates a list of scientifically based practical recommendations on the regulation of blood-sucking Dipteras in the conditions of large spilling rivers of the South of Russia. The research results are of great importance in the context of global warming processes, a high degree of technogenic pollution, instability of the hydrological regime and active urbanization processes.
The objects of the study were the southern dry steppe and agricultural objects located within it with a spatial combination of agrobiocenosis and elements of anthropogenic impact on the territory of South of Russia. As a result of the research it was found that the intrusion impact on agrobiocenosis is comprehensive and mainly negative. Intrusion with projective cover (PC) less than 50% to a small extent affects the adjacent agrocenosis, when covering 70% or moreleads to quite pronounced changes in the adjacent areas of the agrocenosis. It also influences to the trophic structure of ecosystem and the nature of the links between its components. The creation of a stable "core" community consisting of productive perennial plants adapted to the conditions of the southern dry steppe is a general trend of plant interaction in the studied phytocenoses. A design of the database for information storage and systematization on the basis of the consort relationships between the main participants of biogeocenoses was developed. In future, it will allow to build a prognostic model for faster and more reliable screening of impacts on natural communities within the necessary environmental measures' framework.
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