Abstract. The use of modern eco-oriented approaches in agriculture ensures not only the conservation of natural resources and the restoration of damaged ecosystems, but also the growth of agrocenoses productivity, increasing the tolerance of artificial ecosystems to unfavorable factors of natural and anthropic origin. The identification of consortia relations, carried out in the present article, allows to create the information database for accumulating and processing information on the patterns of ecosystem functioning in arid conditions. This provides researchers and farmers with a set of unified ecosystem tools to ensure sustainability and productivity of agrocenosis that increases the economic efficiency of management system and ensures the success of environmental management.The research carried out in three typical landscape localizations are intended to assess the state of agrocenoses, the nearby low-changed steppe sites and man-made intrusions, characterized by a high degree of anthropogenic load. The patterns of species distribution in the studied communities, the features of material and energy exchange will allow creating a database for describing the typical consortia, forecasting processes in agrocenoses and natural communities, controling the metabolism of the communities using metered-dose unidirectional biotic and abiotic agents. The distinctive natural and artificially modified communities are described. Soil and climate, phytocenological, zoological and microbiological characteristics of the studied objects are given. The peculiar forms of intrusions, the features of spatial distribution and quantitative dynamics of the species composing the communities are revealed and described; the typical species-edificators are pre-determined.The authors also determine the choice of consortium relations that are significant for the implementation of targeted high-precision management of biocenoses with the aim of increasing the stability of natural communities and the economic efficiency of agrocenoses.
The need to ensure sustainable development of the agricultural complex in the face of increasing aridity, as well as the need to reduce product contamination with xenobiotics, makes agricultural producers turn to the achievements of environmental science and practically use the general patterns of the structure and functioning of ecosystems. The goal of the authors' research was to clear the ways of influencing agrocenosis through the use of natural consortium relations between different species. The article describes the methods of research and the results, the significance of which for agroecosystems of the Lower Volga region is high due to their wide applicability and the absence of earlier systematized information on this topic. Readers are invited to the typical consortia "cultivated plant-phytophagous", "weed plantphytopathogenic microbiocomplex", "phytophagousentomophage", "cultural plant-entomophage", combination and alternation of which allows us to build manageable trophic chains that naturally reduce the influence of pests and weeds plants onto the cultivated crop.
The article discusses the indicators of sustainable development given from the standpoint of the classical concept of sustainable development. The methods used are analyzed to identify criteria for sustainable development. The indicators of sustainable development have been known and developed for a long time. However, their development did not take into account the regional fix, which would allow creating a permanent set of the most representative indicators for a certain territory. Volgograd and Rostov agglomerations are chosen as objects. A complex analysis of the regional indicators of sustainable development is carried out taking into account physiographic, climatic, sectoral features, the economic potential and ecological well-being of Volgograd and Rostov agglomerations. The work assesses the ecological and economic sustainability of the agglomerations under study, which allows to give the comparative analysis of the territory development predictive models. Today, it is still too early to talk about the effectiveness of achieving criteria for sustainable development in urban agglomerations. The accepted methods cannot be considered effective due to the fact that the efforts of all areas of management are needed. In the forecast, we can talk about a slight increase in the stability of Rostov agglomeration due to capital inflows. Taking into account current trends, Volgograd agglomeration can face a gradual decrease in sustainability requiring an immediate intervention.
The dynamics of the content of mobile forms of heavy metals (Zn, Cu, Ni) in the soil cover of agricultural land located near the sources of negative anthropogenic impact are considered. These elements have a pronounced cumulative effect, which confirms their concentration during 2000–2017. In the agrocenosis conducted to identify soil microbiota and identified representatives of the genera Agrobacterium and Agrobacter. The revealed features of interaction in the system "soil-microorganisms-plant" allow us to consider one of the tools to increase the productivity of grain agricultural systems by regulating the composition of soil microbocenoses. It is necessary to maintain optimal plant intervals of zinc, copper and nickel concentrations as significant micronutrients. It’s actually for agrobiocenoses formed in the zone of influence of technical objects.
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