Статья посвящена двум юбилеям Санкт-Петербургского университета-295-летию со дня основания (по указу императора Петра Великого) и 200-летию со дня официального возобновления (по указу императора Александра I). В фокусе статьи-противоречивый путь, который пришлось пройти университетской корпорации от «академического» университета XVIII в. к массовому университету начала ХХ столетия. В статье показано единство традиции университетского образования в Санкт-Петербурге, реконструирована логика трансформаций институтов университетского образования Николай Михайлович Кропачев-д-р юрид. наук, проф., ректор, Санкт-Петербургский государственный университет, Российская Федерация,
The article analyzes the changes in legal regulation and the implementation of state control (supervision) in the field of education, associated with the transition to the use of a risk-oriented approach. Based on the fact that control and supervision activities are carried out, among other things, through the prevention of violations, the authors believe that assessment of factors and conditions that create a risk of violations of mandatory requirements should be carried out within preventive measures too. The Law on Education integrates accreditation monitoring into the system of state control (supervision) in the field of education. Based on this feature of the state regulation of educational activities, the authors note the potential for application of a risk-oriented approach in the field of education and come to the conclusion that not only the content of the mandatory requirement should be aimed at eliminating the risk of harm to legally protected values, but the risk-oriented approach should also be used in identification of monitoring indicators and requirements addressed to educational organizations in order to ensure monitoring of the education system. As an separate problem the authors indicate the proportionality of measures applied to controlled persons on the basis of the risks of harm to protected values in the field of education. The article also draws attention to the fact that the content of the mandatory requirement should be aimed at eliminating the risk of harm to legally protected values. In this regard the importance of an expert assessment of mandatory requirements in the field of education is noted.
РазРаботка концепции и ноРмативно-пРавовое обеспечение госудаРственной языковой политики Российской ФедеРацииВ статье представлен анализ нормативно-правового регулирования отношений, связанных с использованием государственного языка и реализацией государственной языковой политики в Российской Федерации. Предметом анализа были не только акты, непосредственно посвященные отношениям языковой сферы, но и те, в которых вопросы использования государственного языка затронуты наряду с основным непосредственным предметом правового регулирования. В результате проведенного анализа сделаны выводы о том, что действующее правовое регулирование вопросов использования государственного языка неполно, пробельно, противоречиво и зачастую не отвечает правовым требованиям определенности, ясности и недвусмысленности. В заключение представлены предложения по содержанию предлагаемой к разработке концепции государственной языковой политики в Российской Федерации, в том числе ее отражение в нормативном правовом регулировании языковых отношений. Библиогр. 6 назв.Ключевые слова: государственный язык, языки народов Российской Федерации, официальный язык, языковые отношения, государственная языковая политика, русский язык как государственный язык Российской Федерации.This article represents an analysis of the normative regulations of the use of national language and language policy in Russia. The focus of the analysis included not only acts, directly regulating language relations, but also those, which touch language in addition to another matters. As the outcome of the analysis the authors conclude that the current legal regulation of the national language use is incomplete, gapped, inconsistent, and often does not fit the legal requirements of definiteness, certainty and determinate. Suggestions to the proposed concept of state language policy in Russia, including the normative regulation of language relations are made in the conclusion. Refs 6.Keywords: national language, languages of the nations of the Russian Federation, official language, language relations, state language policy, Russian language as the national language of the Russian Federation.
The article is devoted to the analysis of the value-worldview aspect of modern university education. The “mass university” of the last quarter of the 20th — early 21st centuries, which set itself the underestimated task of “providing educational services” for the formation of a society of “qualified consumers”, practically ignored the classical experience of transferring knowledge associated with the spiritual education of the personality of an intellectual, the formation of his worldview. The Fundamentals of State Policy for the Preservation and Strengthening of Traditional Russian Spiritual and Moral Values, put into effect in 2022 by the Decree of the President of Russia, require overcoming this defect of the modern educational paradigm and bringing its parameters to adequate traditions and modern realities of the social norm. The authors of the article dedicate that in accordance with the list of the main traditional Russian values given in the documents of the strategic development of Russia, it is necessary to portray the image of a university graduate in the middle of the 21st century as a highly qualified specialist with critical thinking, historical memory and a broad cultural horizon. For this, among other things, it is necessary to solve an interdisciplinary task: to bring the most important value and worldview concepts into the normative system, to make the list generally understandable and generally accepted for all participants in the processes of education and upbringing. This should be work involving specialists in various fields of knowledge, including philologists, lawyers, educators, philosophers, cultural and political scientists, sociologists and, no doubt, theologians. The theology of Christianity and other traditional religions ads the deepest and most complete source of value worldview. Therefore, according to the authors of the article, basic theological principles should become a necessary element of education in a modern Russian university.
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