Adult mammalian craniofacial tissues contain limited numbers of post-migratory neural crest-derived stem cells. Similar to their embryonic counterparts, these adult multipotent stem cells can undergo multi-lineage differentiation and are capable of contributing to regeneration of mesodermal and ectodermal cells and tissues in vivo. In the present study, we describe for the first time the presence of Nestin-positive neural crest-derived stem cells (NCSCs) within the ovine hard palate. We show that these cells can be isolated from the palatal tissue and are able to form neurospheres. Ovine NCSCs express the typical neural crest markers Slug and Twist, exhibit high proliferative and migratory activity and are able to differentiate into α smooth muscle cells and β-III-tubulin expressing ectodermal cells. Finally, we demonstrate that oNCSCs are capable of differentiating into osteogenic, adipogenic and chondrogenic cells. Taken together, our results suggest that oNCSCs could be used as model cells to assess the efficacy and safety of autologous NCSC transplantation in a large animal model.
The therapies to regenerate periimplant bone tissues have attracted lots of attention these years. Neural crest-related stem cells (NCSCs), a group of cells containing heterogeneous stem/progenitor cells, are capable of homing to injured tissues and participating in periimplant bone regeneration. The amplification of autologous NCSCs potential in homing for self-repair/regeneration, therefore, might be considered as an alternative therapy except for traditional cell transplantation. However, the knowledge of the NCSCs homing and participation in bone regeneration is still known little. Cell homing has been regarded as a process of exit of hematopoietic stem cells from blood vessels by trans endothelization and subsequent migration. Here we broadly define cell homing as active recruitment of endogenous cells, including stem/progenitor cells, into an anatomic compartment. Accordingly, research is becoming increasingly focused on the homing and stimulation of native cells.For the purpose of directly observing NCSCs involvement in periimplant bone repair, different animal models were established to make their oral-derived NCSCs reconstituted with cells regenerating periimplant bone tissues. Here, we present a histological study for delivering homing factors to the site of implant placement by incorporation to allogen bone substitute as stem cell carrier material. We further show therapeutic strategies focusing on the stimulation of endogenous cells to support periimplant bone repair. NCSCs were found to aggregate in the periimplant niches and emerge in newly-formed bones or fibers. Some of them also co-expressed markers of fibroblasts or osteoblasts. These results indicated that NCSCs might contribute to the formation of new fibers and periimplant bone tissue during periimplant bone regeneration. In conclusion, we speculated that autologous NCSCs can shift into the surgical sites created by implant placement and participating in periimplant bone tissue repair.
Stomatology Оригинальные исследОвания Стоматология 414В последние годы наблюдается увеличение чис-ла больных с воспалением мягких тканей па-родонта, преобладанием генерализованных форм гингивита и пародонтита, а в группе пожилых и ослабленных лиц -пародонтоза [4, 6]. Важную роль в механизмах повреждения тканей пародонта игра-ет сдвиг кислотно-щелочного состояния в ту или иную сторону, что может быть обусловлено многими факторами -качеством пищи, профессиональными факторами, курением, алкоголем, лекарственными средствами, наличием зубных протезов и пломб [1, 4]. В то же время от стабильности кислотно-щелоч-ного состояния в значительной мере зависит состо-яние зубов и мягких тканей, функции многих орга-нов челюстно-лицевой области и полости рта.С другой стороны, при воспалении тканей паро-донта нарушаются механизмы, которые поддержива-ют гомеостаз полости рта [2,3, 5]. Важнейшим ком-понентом оптимального функционирования клеток является концентрация водорода (Н + ) во внеклеточной жидкости. От этого показателя в крови и полости рта зависят свойства слюны, активность ротовой микро-биоты, градиент и скорость ионообменных процессов [2, 7, 9]. По данным ряда исследователей, в ответ на повреждающее действие кислых гликозидаз при вос-палении тканей пародонта возникает метаболиче-ский ацидоз со снижением рН и сдвигом буферных оснований в кислую сторону, однако эти данные не подкреплены результатами экспериментальных ис-следований, в том числе относительно возможности коррекции таких изменений [7, 8].Цель исследования -определение кислотно-ще-лочного состояния крови, ферментативной активности в тканях десен и смешанной слюне крыс с эксперимен-тально воспроизведенным воспалительным процессом тканей пародонта и оценка возможности их коррекции.Материал и методы. Экспериментальные иссле-дования выполнены на 130 белых крысах линии Вистар массой 220-250 г, которые находились на стандарт-ном пищевом и водном рационе в соответствии с са-нитарно-гигиеническими нормами. Опыты проводили с соблюдением международных принципов Европей-ской конвенции о защите позвоночных животных, ис-пользуемых для экспериментов и других научных це-лей (Страсбург, 1986), и общих этических принципов экспериментов на животных (Россия, 2011 Проведен анализ кислотно-щелочного состояния крови и ферментативной активности в тканях пародонта и смешанной слюне 130 белых крыс линии Вистар с экспериментальным пародонтитом. Установлено форми-рование метаболического ацидоза со сдвигом буферных оснований в кислую сторону. Применение глюко-замина гидрохлорида и хондроитина сульфата при воспалении тканей пародонта приводит к нормализации кислотно-щелочного равновесия и мобилизации защитных механизмов тканей пародонта, которые проявля-ются повышением антиглюкуронидазной и пероксидазной активности, направленным на реализацию анти-микробной функции в полости рта. Ключевые слова: воспаление, эксперимент, пародонт, слюна, ферментыThe analysis of acid-alkaline status of blood and enzyme activity in periodontal tissues and mixed saliva of 130 white Wistar rats with experiment...
Periodontitis is microbial infection affecting periodontium, the tooth supporting structure and affects >743 million people worldwide. Neural crest-derived stem cells (NCSCs) hold the promise to regenerate the damaged periodontium. These cells have been identified within adult adipose tissue, periodontal ligament, and palatal tissue. Typical enzymatic isolation protocols are expensive, time consuming and often not clinically compliant. Enzyme-free, mechanical dissociation has been suggested as an alternative method of generating cell suspensions required for cell separation and subsequent expansion ex vivo. In our study, samples of rat skeletal muscle tissue were used to appraise the suitability of a novel mincing method of mechanical dissociation against enzymatic digestion with collagenase and dispase. Skeletal muscle is readily available and has been shown to contain NCSC populations. We used a Rigenera-Human Brain Wave® prototype mincer to produce a suspension of skeletal muscle-derived cells modeling NCSCs. We have compared the resulting cell cultures produced via mechanical dissociation and enzymatic dissociation, producing single cell suspensions suitable for Magnetic Cell Sorting (MACs) and Fluorescence-activated cell sorting (FACS). Despite the Countess Automated Cytometry data demonstrating that cell suspensions produced by mechanical dissociation (n=24) contain on average 26.8 times as many viable cells as enzymatic cell suspensions (n=18), enzymatic suspensions produced more successful cell cultures. Spheroids and subsequently adherent cells formed from 4 enzymatic cell suspensions (44.4%) vs. 1 mechanical cell suspension (8.3%). Enzymatic digestion protocols formed spheroids faster and more plentifully than mechanical cell suspensions. Adherent cells and spheroids isolated via both methods appear morphologically similarly to NCSCs from our previous studies.
Acute hematogenous osteomyelitis (AHO) is a severe disease of childhood and leads to disability in 70-87 % of cases. Despite the achievements of modern science, research methods are not always able to diagnose CSO in children in time. The number of scientific works devoted to the early diagnosis of CSO in children based on the use of morphological and functional characteristics of bone tissue is limited. The material for the study was a biopsy of bone tissue and red bone marrow obtained after osteoperforation in children with CSO. After preliminary processing of the biopsy, histological and immuno-histochemical studies were performed, followed by an assessment of the prognostic value of the data obtained. The study revealed histological changes in bone tissue characteristic of the intramedullary and extramedullary phases of CSO, IHC indicators of an increase in the population of cytotoxic T-lymphocytes in the red bone marrow, indicating the development of a severe inflammatory process.
scite is a Brooklyn-based organization that helps researchers better discover and understand research articles through Smart Citations–citations that display the context of the citation and describe whether the article provides supporting or contrasting evidence. scite is used by students and researchers from around the world and is funded in part by the National Science Foundation and the National Institute on Drug Abuse of the National Institutes of Health.
hi@scite.ai
10624 S. Eastern Ave., Ste. A-614
Henderson, NV 89052, USA
Copyright © 2024 scite LLC. All rights reserved.
Made with 💙 for researchers
Part of the Research Solutions Family.