Throughput of dynamic frame slotted ALOHA (DFSA) in radio frequency identification (RFID) systems depends on the tags quantity estimate. This paper shows how to apply the slot-by-slot (SbS) estimate approach, along with the policy for the early frame-break. Simulation results show noticeable throughput improvements.Note to Practitioners-RFID supply chain application relies on the fast tag identification. As already shown in the literature, maximizing the number of read tags in the unit of time is a challenging task. In this paper, we propose a method which can assure near optimal tag identification time while maintaining low computational burden at the implementation point of view.Index Terms-Dynamic frame slotted ALOHA (DFSA), early frame break, efficient tag estimate method (TEM), slot-by-slot (SbS) estimation.
SUMMARYIn this paper a theoretical analysis of the iterative signal reconstruction algorithm for impulsive noise mitigation in orthogonal frequency-division multiplexing (OFDM) systems is developed. The following main results are developed: first, analytical model for the total noise in the frequency domain, and second the model for the total noise probability density function (pdf ) in the frequency domain, both defined for each step of the iterative reconstruction process. Finally, based on the pdf of the total noise, explicit expressions for BER in kth iteration are defined as well. The main intention of the paper is to present the approach to theoretical analysis of the iterative impulsive noise mitigation algorithm that has not yet been appeared in the literature, because the theoretical analysis of the noise pdf during iterations has been considered as too complex a problem. Analyses and analytical results presented in the paper are given for scenario with a fixed number of noise impulses per frame. However, this is not a handicap of the proposed approach, since all presented models can be used as building blocks for scenarios with other impulsive noise distributions including Bernoulli-Gaussian and Middleton's Class A.
Original scientific paper MAC level efficiency constraints of the RFID Reader-Tag communication require proper frame size selection in order to achieve maximum throughput. To set optimal frame size, one needs to estimate the number of tags. Deriving optimal frame size results in reducing time for identification of large RFID tag populations, and thus increases throughput of RFID system.In accordance with the standard Dynamic Framed Slotted ALOHA (DFSA) protocol, we propose model for frame size adaptation using number of collisions (C) and successful slots (S) within the frame length L. We found that expected number of tags N , linearly depends on S in the frame of length L, for fixed C. Proposed model for estimation of the number of tags can be described with 4 characteristic points, which can be calculated from proposed combinatorial model. Algorithm implementation in the first step estimates number of tags, and then in the second step, using the estimates, set the optimal frame size.In order to compare proposed system performance with the other approaches, we use standard measures, System Efficiency and Collision Ratio. Simulation results show that our method provide better performance than the Qselection algorithm, specified within the UHF-Class1-Gen2 standard.Key words: Dynamic framed slotted ALOHA, Transmission control strategy, Q-selection algorithm, RFID identification, Tags estimation method (TEM)Algoritam za definiranje optimalne duljine okvira u pasivnoj UHF Class1-GEN2 tehnologiji korištenjem ograničenja iz kombinatornog modela. Ograničenja MAC sloja u komunikaciji RFIDčitač-tag zahtjevaju ispravno odabiranje veličine okvira s ciljem postizanja maksimalne propusnosti. Da bi se postavila optimalna duljina okvira, potrebno je procjeniti broj tagova koji se nalaze u područjučitanja. Odabir optimalne duljine okvira rezultira skraćivanjem vremena za identifikaciju velikog broja RFID tagova, te povećanja propusnosti sustava.U skladu s standardnim Dynamic Frame Slotted ALOHA (DFSA) protokolom, predlaže se model za adaptaciju duljine okvira korištenjem broja kolizijskih mjesta C i uspješno pročitanih mjesta S unutar okvira duljine L. Istraži-vanjem je zaključeno da očekivani broj tagova N linearno ovisi o S u okviru duljine L za fiksni C. Predstavljeni model za procjenu broja tagova se može opisati sa 4 karakteristične točke, koje se mogu izračunati iz predloženog kombinatornog modela. Implementacija algoritma u prvom koraku procjenjuje broj tagova, te u sljedećem koraku korištenjem procjene, postavlja optimalnu duljinu okvira.Da bi usporedili rezultate sa drugim pristupima, koristimo standardne mjere efikasnosti sustava i omjera kolizija. Rezultati simulacije pokazuju da naša metoda omogućava bolje performanse nego Q-Selection Algoritam, specificiran u UHF-Class1-Gen2 standardu.Ključne riječi: dynamic framed slotted ALOHA, strategije kontrole prijenosa, Q-selection algoritam, RFID identifikacija, procjena broja tagova (TEM)
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