Rapid changes in the 21st century demand the use of technology in learning geometry in elementary schools. One such technology is augmented reality (AR). 3Dmetric (3D and Geometric) is a geometry learning medium on ARbased 3D space material. Students' perceptions, which refer to their interpretation, are a key factor in studying the changes in their interpretations of a particular phenomenon. The purpose of the current study was to investigate the perceptions of elementary school students after using 3Dmetric to learn geometric shapes. The differences and the relationship between the students' level of perception and level of spatial ability were also investigated. This study applied a cross-sectional approach with quantitative and qualitative designs. A total of 36 students in one elementary school in Indonesia participated in this study. The instruments used were the Perception Scale for Using 3Dmetric in Geometry Teaching, Spatial Ability Scale, and In-Depth Interview Form. Results showed that the positive perception of elementary school students regarding the use of 3Dmetric does not depend on the level of their spatial ability. Moreover, the difference in their perceptions is not caused by the level of their spatial ability. The positive findings in this cross-sectional study can contribute to the success of AR-based learning and teaching in the 21st century, especially with regard to learning materials for 3D geometry. They can also lead to the formation of the spatial abilities and improvement in the academic performance of elementary school students.
The evaluation of the use of TOEFL as a language assessment is the main concern to be studied on this paper. Using qualitative method, the researchers evaluate some specific questions mainly derived from a set of criteria which are practicality, test reliability, validity, authenticity and washback effect. The results concludes that the TEOFL ITP is practical and reliable. Its reliability lies to all three sections in this TOEFL. It is still noted however, that the TOEFL ITP may also be reliable as it is in TOEFL PBT unless the fact that the ITP test is adapted from previously used TOEFL. Theoretically, the reliability is doubted and further researches are still needed. In relation to the use of TOEFL ITP for a placement test, it is necessary to ask whether the test items can represent this task. The TOEFL ITP is approximately authentic as an English test. Understanding the impact of the TOEFL, test takers are inspired to study English more, as one of the washback of the test. More students want to get the lessons to raise their score to be higher.
The study was to describe the relationship between the resources-based theory with intellectual capital disclosure (ICD), the implementation of ICD on the website, and the response of the vice-rector and heads of work units. This research method was descriptive qualitative, which illustrates the application of ICD on four directorates and one study program. The result showed that the resource-based theory is strongly related to ICD. Implementation of ICD on the directorate's website had been carried out on the UMSIDA directorate's website. Several items had already existed on the website, and there are some that have just been implemented based on ICD. The response of all the vice-rectors and heads of work units supported the implementation of the ICD and is indeed necessary at the UMSIDA website today. The implication of this research is that university management must be able to develop and maintain its website to improve performance, media promotion, and image building.
The purpose of this research is to analyze the meaning of ratings and formulate efforts to improve the performance and competitiveness of universities in the intellectual capital perspective. The interpretive qualitative research type was used. Data collection was carried out using in-depth interviews, focus group discussions, observations, and documentation. Data analysis was carried out throughout the four-stage research process involving data collection, data reduction, data display, and conclusion. The results of the study state that the meaning of ratings is related to performance, media promotion, and related to reputation or image building. Efforts to improve the performance and competitiveness of universities can be done by optimizing the role of human capital, structural capital, and relational capital both individually and integrated as intellectual capital. Another method that can be used is the comprehensive intellectual capital management or CICM method. Keywords: Ranking, performance, competitiveness, intellectual capital
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