This conceptual study delves into the functional relationship between Resource Dependence and Institutional Theory. It describes, in particular, the interplay between resources and institutional settings on the one hand and organisations (context bound) on the other. This research reveals two paradoxical outcomes. First, context bound (Protected Designation of Origin or PDO) organisations are not necessarily resource dependent on specialised raw material producers due to the interplay between resources, home rivalry and finance; sidelining a robust relationship between resource producers and organisations. Second, institutions may not in some instances conform to institutional settings and adopt decoupling practices inappropriate to the environment by hampering the internationalisation of context bound organisations. This research which has an industry related focus shall in essence generate new insights for it attempts to lay a new foundation for future research in international business and context bound organisations therein.
Following the academic discourses that the International Business (IB) has not yet seen the levels of academic intrusions on decoupling a thorny ethical dilemma evident in other fields that explains why organizations when strive for conformity, they may attempt to preclude the necessity of their formal structure with an intention to show obedience towards institutional settings while at the same time actually practicing business in ways that they believe are more efficient. This study attempts to bridge this important gap and understanding of decoupling in the burgeoning stream of IB where export organizations decouple from the actual substantive conformity to the Intellectual Property Rights and the Protected Designation of Origin certification requirements. This policy to practice decoupling in the form of avoidance from institutional pressures and concealment manifest itself in the organizations zeal to placate the pressures of resource criticalities brought about by this unique isomorphic setting of the home and host country institutional landscape(s). Thus theoretically, tight coupling between institutional rules (and pressures) and export organizations does not necessarily translate from form to function but rather ceremonial conformity, which may further be heightened by onward problems of enforcement of these rules in the same institutional settings therein.
Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to examine the relationship between the Knowledge Gap (KG) and Psychic Distance Paradox and to explain the three dominant factors; experiential knowledge, information and learning myopia. Design/methodology/approach – The paper uses an inductive multiple case study methodological approach. Findings – This research found that the KG has an interdependent relationship with the Psychic Distance Paradox; however, this interdependence does not exist in isolation; rather there is a distinct “time-continuum” nexus running through and enveloping these two theoretical frameworks and the three factors of experiential knowledge, information and learning myopia. Research limitations/implications – This paper provides a deeper understanding to the existing body of knowledge on the relationship between the KG and Psychic Distance Paradox and the emerging factors. Originality/value – This study is the first to examine the interdependence between the three factors of experiential knowledge, information and learning myopia and KG and Psychic Distance Paradox. This examination provides new ideas to practitioners and researchers relating to the advancement of export process in neighbour countries.
This study investigates the relationship between administration of merit pay systems and work outcomes. For data collection purposes, self-administered questionnaires were used on the administrative staff of a Malaysian public research university. The analysis of the Smart PLS path model exhibits three important outcomes: first, the implementation of communication and the assessment of performance are important factors that motivate employees to enhance work satisfaction. Second, the implementation of communication is not an important factor that motivates the employees to enhance organisational commitment. Third, the performance assessment is an important factor that motivates employees to enhance organisational commitment. The results in general, corroborate with previous literature, however, the empirical evidence on the effective communication within the organisation is not an important factor in determining organisational commitment. In addition, this paper provides a clear guidance for managers to administer merit pay system in gaining positive work outcomes. This paper goes on to discussion and implications and is thereafter concluded with conclusion therein.
Microfinance is one of the initiative sources of financial service for poor entrepreneurs that only have small businesses and lack access to banking and other services. Microfinance always focuses on poor people with no steady employment who cannot meet most of the qualifications to get financial services from normal banking. Thus, the abilities of borrowers to pay back their microfinance are one of the arguments that need concentration. The finding revealed that there were only two independent variables which were business experience and loan tenure which had a significant positive relationship with the dependent variable namely microfinance repayment performance among borrowers of Amanah Ikhtiar Malaysia (AIM) in Jerantut, Pahang. The knowledge of borrower was not significantly related to the microfinance repayment performance. The result provided the understanding and insight on AIM’s institution, financial institutions, and academic significance about how loan giving out and avoiding microfinance repayment defaults.
Microfinance is one of the initiative sources of financial service for poor entrepreneurs that only have small businesses and lack access to banking and other services. Microfinance always focuses on poor people with no steady employment who cannot meet most of the qualifications to get financial services from normal banking. Thus, the abilities of borrowers to pay back their microfinance are one of the arguments that need concentration. The finding revealed that there were only two independent variables which were business experience and loan tenure which had a significant positive relationship with the dependent variable namely microfinance repayment performance among borrowers of Amanah Ikhtiar Malaysia (AIM) in Jerantut, Pahang. The knowledge of borrower was not significantly related to the microfinance repayment performance. The result provided the understanding and insight on AIM's institution, financial institutions, and academic significance about how loan giving out and avoiding microfinance repayment defaults.
This study aims to determine the influence of social capital on women's micro-enterprise performance in the state of Kelantan, Malaysia. The moderating effect of attitude on the relationship between social capital and women's micro-enterprise performance is also assessed. The study employed a cross-sectional survey design, with simple random sampling, to collect data from 385 women entrepreneurs in Kelantan. The study spanned from 2014 to 2015 and data were collected between February and May, 2015. Descriptive statistics, t-test, and Smart PLS were used to analyze the data. The result of the study, among others, indicates that social capital has a significant positive effect on micro-enterprise performance. The study recommends, among others, that the Malaysian government should create awareness among women about the existence and benefits of women's associations regarding business activities, especially in the local areas.
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