There is increasing international interest in the links between malnutrition and disability: both are major global public health problems, both are key human rights concerns, and both are currently prominent within the global health agenda. In this review, interactions between the two fields are explored and it is argued that strengthening links would lead to important mutual benefits and synergies. At numerous points throughout the life-cycle, malnutrition can cause or contribute to an individual’s physical, sensory, intellectual or mental health disability. By working more closely together, these problems can be transformed into opportunities: nutrition services and programmes for children and adults can act as entry points to address and, in some cases, avoid or mitigate disability; disability programmes can improve nutrition for the children and adults they serve. For this to happen, however, political commitment and resources are needed, as are better data.
Abstract-In this paper, the development of a legged robot which have needed features for search and rescue operations to access to survivors is aimed. Different walking algorithms are designed for this purpose and tested their performance. Six-legged walking robot is affected by environmental conditions thus encountered conditions are minimized. Additionally, the search team which is exposed to the risk of accidents is reduced and more detailed. The investigation about the possibility of problems such as accident, battery life is largely scaled. Control of robot is provided via communications port on computer. The legged robot inspired by spider is developed with the control mechanism and executes various walking behavior. The effectiveness of the robot is measured according to the performance on rough terrain through six legs. Functional algorithms are built for flexible motion against different conditions such as rough terrain, pit. In the same time, the algorithms moving at various speeds related to structure of legs are presented. The robot used in the project is called as TKSPIDER1 which has three servo motors in each leg.
Nodal shoot segments of four grapevine genotypes well known for their Fe-chlorosis characteristic [Vitis vinifera × Vitis berlandieri Fercal, resistant; V. berlandieri × Vitis rupestris 1103 P, mid-resistant; Solonis (Vitis riparia × V. rupestris × Vitis candicans) × Othello (Vitis labrusca × V. riparia × V. vinifera) 1613 C, susceptible; V. vinifera L. cv. Perlette, resistant] were cultured in vitro. The effects of three levels of iron sodium ethylene-diaminotetraacetate (FeNaEDTA; 9, 18, 36 mg l −1 ) and three mixtures of iron and 840 mg l −1 NaHCO 3 (sodium bicarbonate) in the Murashige and Skoog (MS) medium supplemented 4.9 µM indole-3-butyric acid (IBA) were compared. We assayed the chlorosis rating of leaves, total chlorophyll of leaves, dry shoot weights of the plantlets, and active and total Fe content of the leaves. The most suitable concentration in determining the reaction of genotypes to iron chlorosis was 9 mg l −1 FeNaEDTA. Bicarbonate addition had negative effects on the iron intake and development of plants. While all genotypes were affected by non-ferrous conditions, Fercal and Perlette were found to be the most resistant genotypes and 1613 C rootstock as the most susceptible.The chlorosis rating of the tested genotypes ranked according to their known degree of tolerance and susceptibility to lime-induced chlorosis. The results of this study showed that the in vitro technique could successfully be used in viticulture to get results in shorter times in the studies, aiming at breeding new rootstocks and varieties suitable to calcareous soil conditions and determining the reactions of existing genotypes to Fe chlorosis.
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