Use of in vitro method to evaluate some grapevine varieties for tolerance and susceptibility to sodium bicarbonate-induced chlorosis

Abstract

Nodal shoot segments of four grapevine genotypes well known for their Fe-chlorosis characteristic [Vitis vinifera × Vitis berlandieri Fercal, resistant; V. berlandieri × Vitis rupestris 1103 P, mid-resistant; Solonis (Vitis riparia × V. rupestris × Vitis candicans) × Othello (Vitis labrusca × V. riparia × V. vinifera) 1613 C, susceptible; V. vinifera L. cv. Perlette, resistant] were cultured in vitro. The effects of three levels of iron sodium ethylene-diaminotetraacetate (FeNaEDTA; 9, 18, 36 mg l −1 ) and three mixtures of iron and 840 mg l −1 NaHCO 3 (sodium bicarbonate) in the Murashige and Skoog (MS) medium supplemented 4.9 µM indole-3-butyric acid (IBA) were compared. We assayed the chlorosis rating of leaves, total chlorophyll of leaves, dry shoot weights of the plantlets, and active and total Fe content of the leaves. The most suitable concentration in determining the reaction of genotypes to iron chlorosis was 9 mg l −1 FeNaEDTA. Bicarbonate addition had negative effects on the iron intake and development of plants. While all genotypes were affected by non-ferrous conditions, Fercal and Perlette were found to be the most resistant genotypes and 1613 C rootstock as the most susceptible.The chlorosis rating of the tested genotypes ranked according to their known degree of tolerance and susceptibility to lime-induced chlorosis. The results of this study showed that the in vitro technique could successfully be used in viticulture to get results in shorter times in the studies, aiming at breeding new rootstocks and varieties suitable to calcareous soil conditions and determining the reactions of existing genotypes to Fe chlorosis.

Response of four grapevine (Vitis spp.) genotypes to direct or bicarbonate-induced iron deficiency

“…In contrast, existence of bicarbonate in the irrigation water obstructed solely the general parameters of '99 R' and '1613 C' rootstocks. As chlorosis progressed in severity along with the decrease in Fe concentration, these rootstocks exhibited premature senescence symptoms, in convenience to the recent study (Tangolar et al, 2008) in which some grapevines were tested for lime-induced iron chlorosis using in vitro technique. Veliksar et al (1995) interpreted such case as Fe efflux from young tissues to perennial parts of plant in spite of relatively low mobility of iron in tissues.…”

“…Therefore, iron mediates the growth and development processes of plants based on the fact that chlorophyll synthesis and the photosynthetic chain are closely related to iron status of the plant (Katyal and Sharma, 1980). Utilization of these physiological reactions for screening has been attempted using several grape cultivars and rootstocks under various growth conditions such as pots (Bavaresco and Poni, 2003;Ksouri et al, 2007), containers (Jiménez et al, 2007), in vitro culture (Tangolar et al, 2008) as well as field experiments (Bertamini and Nedunchezhian, 2005). Understanding such responses by practical techniques could be an invaluable aid for selecting the proper genotypes in breeding programs.…”

In vitro screening of octoploid Fragaria chiloensis and Fragaria virginiana genotypes against iron deficiency

“…Many other researchers have employed other laboratory techniques such as growth chambers and tissue culture to conduct their screening studies (Stephens et al, 1990;Muleo et al, 1995;Tangolar et al, 2008;Yilmaz et al, 2008) when field studies are difficult. The reactions of Pyrus and Cydonia to low levels of Fe have been tested both under field conditions and via tissue culture.…”

Carbonated Irrigation Assessment of Grapevine Growth, Nutrient Absorption, and Sugar Accumulation in a Tempranillo (Vitis vinifera L.) Vineyard

“…Agriculture 2022, 12, 792 2 of 17 Iron deficiency chlorosis in grapevines causes strong morphological and physiological parameter limitations [7,8]. Physiological stress caused by calcareous soil conditions has a great impact on vegetative growth, fruit yield, and grape composition and quality [9,10]. Cultivated plants, grapevines included, differ in their susceptibility to iron deficiency in calcareous soils.…”