The present research aimed to study the psycho-motor performance of five-year-old children with different body mass indices (BMI). A total of 694 pre-school children in the province of Albacete-Spain participated. Their performance in motor, perceptual, and social-emotional skills was analyzed using a standardized observation sheet (Checklist of Psychomotor Activities—CPA) and then compared according to their BMI using non-parametric statistical methods (Mann-Whitney test). Separate comparisons were made for girls and boys. Results indicated significant differences in performance amongst the groups of girls in all the motor and perceptual activities, and in the social relationships component of the social-emotional factor. These differences seemed to penalize motor activities, perceptual skills, and social relationships in overweight and obese girls compared to normal weight girls. In the case of boys, there were significant differences in laterality and visual-motor coordination (favoring overweight boys). Differences in respiratory control were also found, but in this case, penalizing obese boys compared to normal weight boys. Knowledge of possible psychomotor limitations in obese children could allow psychologists and healthcare professionals to design more focused interventions.

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(España). Onofre.CJordan@uclm.es AGRADECIMIENTOS Y FINANCIACIÓNLa presente investigación se desarrolló mientras la autora principal disfrutaba de un contrato FPU (Formación del profesorado Universitario) concedida por el Ministerio de Educación, Cultura y Deporte. Código UNESCO / UNESCO RESUMENEste estudio analiza la eficacia de un programa de entrenamiento perceptivo basado en la orientación de la atención para la mejora de la toma de decisiones y el rendimiento en la acción de bloqueo de voleibol. 16 jugadoras juveniles fueron distribuidas en tres grupos: vídeo (n=6), que recibió ocho sesiones de entrenamiento en vídeo; mixto (n=5), que recibió 4 sesiones en vídeo y 4 sesiones de práctica en campo; y control (n=5), que completó las pruebas de evaluación. Los resultados muestran cómo el programa de entrenamiento mejoró la toma de decisiones de las jugadoras, ya que redujeron

An anaphylactic shock is a time-critical emergency situation. The decision-making during emergencies is an important responsibility but difficult to study. Eye-tracking technology allows us to identify visual patterns involved in the decision-making. The aim of this pilot study was to evaluate two training models for the recognition and treatment of anaphylaxis by laypeople, based on expert assessment and eye-tracking technology. A cross-sectional quasi-experimental simulation study was made to evaluate the identification and treatment of anaphylaxis. 50 subjects were randomly assigned to four groups: three groups watching different training videos with content supervised by sanitary personnel and one control group who received face-to-face training during paediatric practice. To evaluate the learning, a simulation scenario represented by an anaphylaxis' victim was designed. A device capturing eye movement as well as expert valuation was used to evaluate the performance. The subjects that underwent paediatric face-to-face training achieved better and faster recognition of the anaphylaxis. They also used the adrenaline injector with better precision and less mistakes, and they needed a smaller number of visual fixations to recognise the anaphylaxis and to make the decision to inject epinephrine. Analysing the different video formats, mixed results were obtained. Therefore, they should be tested to evaluate their usability before implementation.

Explorando el efecto del contacto y el deporte inclusivo en Educación Física en las actitudes hacia la discapacidad intelectual en estudiantes de secundariaLos programas de cambio de actitudes hacia la discapacidad han venido utilizando, entre otros, la práctica de deporte inclusivo y el contacto con personas del colectivo de referencia. A pesar de su presencia en la sociedad, apenas existen trabajos en los que se emplee el contacto con personas con discapacidad intelectual como medio para cambiar las actitudes hacia la discapacidad. Este trabajo examina el efecto de un programa que utiliza el deporte inclusivo y el contacto con personas con discapacidad intelectual en las actitudes hacia la discapacidad de estudiantes de Secundaria durante las clases de Educación Física. Ochenta y tres estudiantes de ESO de dos centros de Castilla -La Mancha (15,18 ± 0,89 años) formaron parte de este estudio. Las actitudes de los alumnos, antes y después de la intervención, se registraron mediante los cuestionarios "The Attitudes towards Inclusion of Students with Disabilities in Physical Education" (AISDPE) y la "Escala de Actitud hacia el Alumnado con Discapacidad en Educación Física" (EAADEF). Los resultados muestran que el grupo que realizó deporte inclusivo y una visita a las instalaciones de trabajo de las personas con discapacidad intelectual mejoró en la dimensión cognitiva (Pre-test 2,84±0,64; Post-test: 2,67±0,81) de uno de los dos cuestionarios de actitudes hacia la discapacidad en Educación Física utilizados. Parece que un contacto más cercano, compartiendo experiencias y deporte con personas con discapacidad puede mejorar las actitudes hacia la discapacidad en estudiantes de Educación Secundaria.Palabras clave: inclusión; actitudes, discapacidad intelectual; educación física.Programs to change attitudes towards disability have been used the practice of inclusive sport and contact with people with disabilities. Despite their presence in society, there are hardly any jobs in which contact with people with intellectual disabilities is used as a means to change attitudes toward disability. The aim of this study is to examine the effect of a Physical Education program using inclusive sport and contact with people with intellectual disabilities on the attitudes of secondary school students towards disability. Eighty-three (N = 83) Compulsory Secondary Education students from two centers in Castilla -La Mancha (15.18 ± 0.89 years) were part of this study. The students' attitudes, before and after the intervention, were captured through the questionnaires "The Attitudes towards Inclusion of Students with Disabilities in Physical Education" (AISDPE) and the "Attitude Scale for Students with Disability in Physical Education" (EAADEF). The results show that the group that carried out an inclusive sport and a visit to the workplaces of people with intellectual disabilities improves the cognitive dimension (Pre-test 2.84±0.64; Post-test: 2.67±0.81) in one of the two questionnaires of attitudes toward Physical Education disabilit...

El objetivo del presente estudio fue conocer la influencia del comportamiento visual (localización, número y duración de las fijaciones visuales) sobre la toma de decisiones en la acción del bloqueo en voleibol. Se analizó el comportamiento visual de 38 jugadoras de voleibol (23.9  4.2 años), que competían de manera federada, mediante el sistema de registro de movimientos oculares (Mobile Eye) durante la visualización de secuencias de video proyectadas a tamaño real. Los modelos de regresión obtenidos muestran que se obtienen mayores porcentajes de acierto cuando la duración de las fijaciones es reducida en las zonas HC y CB, y cuando aumenta el número de fijaciones en la zona BM y disminuye en la zona CB.

Efecto del tipo de colocación en el comportamiento visual y la toma de decisiones en bloqueadores de voleibol Effect of the type of set in the visual search behaviour and decision making in volleyball blockers

Introduction Decision-making in emergencies is a multifactorial process based on the rescuer, patient, setting and resources. The eye-tracking system is a proven method for assessing decision-making processes that have been used in different fields of science. Our aim was to evaluate the lifeguards’ capacity to perform the ABCDE (Airway-Breathing-Circulation-Disability-Exposure) approach when facing a simulated critically ill-drowned victim. Methods A cross-sectional simulation study was designed to assess the skills and sequence of the ABCDE approach by 20 professional lifeguards. They had to assess a victim and act according to his/her clinical status by following the ABCDE primary assessment approach. The two kinds of variables were recorder: those related to the quality of each step of the ABCDE approach and the visual behaviour using a portable eye-movement system. The eye-tracking system was the Mobile Eye system (Bedford, USA). Results None of the study participants were able to complete correctly the ABCDE approach. Lifeguards spent more time in the Circulation step: Airway (15.5±11.1 s), Breathing (25.1±21.1 s), Circulation (44.6±29.5 s), Disability (38.5±0.7 s). Participants spent more time in viewpoints considered as important (65.5±17.4 s) compared with secondary ones (34.6±17.4 s, p = 0.008). This was also represented in the percentage of visual fixations (fixations in important viewpoints: 63.36±15.06; fixation in secondary viewpoints: 36.64±15.06; p = 0.008). Conclusion Professional lifeguards failed to fully perform the ABCDE sequence. Evaluation by experts with the help of eye-tracking technology detected the lifeguards’ limitations in the assessment and treatment of an eventual critically ill victim. Such deficits should be considered in the design and implementation of lifeguards’ training programmes.