To date, literature often presents generic results on the techno-economic performance of CO 2 capture in industry. Insufficient knowledge is available on the impact of site-specific factors on the feasibility of CO 2 capture at industrial plant level. This article presents a techno-economic analysis and an inventory of potential implementation and operational challenges related to the three main CO 2 capture technologies applied at industrial plant level for the short term (2020-2025) and long term (2040-2050). Five industrial plants from various industrial sectors (a medium and large sized petroleum refinery, a small and medium sized chemical plant, and a large hydrogen plant) in the Netherlands were used for this study. The results show the lowest CO 2 avoidance costs for the refineries (24-57 D /t) and chemical plants (37-124 D /t) when operated in oxyfuel combustion mode, both for the short and long term, although post-combustion is economically preferable for the smallest chemical plant (117 D /t) in the short term. For the hydrogen plant, avoidance costs (67 D /t) are lowest when capturing CO 2 solely from the highpressure process gas. For the short term cases, spatial constraints on existing plant sites could increase the indicated CO 2 avoidance costs, especially for post-combustion capture; for the long term cases, newbuilt capture ready process units, plant integration and optimized utilities are expected to lower the avoidance costs for all three capture technologies.
Method to assess pathways for greenhouse gas emissions reductions for industrial plants. • Method successfully demonstrated for a large, complex oil refinery in Europe. • We examined energy efficiency, carbon capture and storage, biomass gasification and pyrolysis. • Pathway with energy efficiency and BIG-CCS is most cost effective and shows deep emissions reductions. • However, ranking of pathways in terms of costs depends strongly on energy prices.
This study developed a method to assess the techno-economic performance and spatial footprint of CO 2 capture infrastructure configurations in industrial zones. The method has been successfully applied to a cluster of sixteen industrial plants in the Dutch industrial Botlek area (7.1 MtCO 2 /y) for 2020-2030. The configurations differ inter alia regarding capture technology (post-, pre-, oxyfuel combustion) and location of capture components (centralized vs. plant site). Results indicate that oxyfuel combustion with centralized oxygen production and decentralized CO 2 compression is the most cost effective and realistic configuration when applying CO 2 capture to all industrial plants (61D/tCO 2 ; 5.8 MtCO 2 /y avoided), mainly due to relatively low energy costs compared to post-and pre-combustion. However, oxyfuel combustion at plant level is economically preferable when capturing CO 2 from only the three largest industrial plants. For post-combustion, a separated absorber-stripper configuration (73D/tCO 2 ; 7.1 MtCO 2 /y avoided) is preferable from a cost perspective, due to economic scale effects of capture equipment. The optimal pre-combustion configuration shows a slightly less favorable performance (81D/tCO 2 ; 4.4 MtCO 2 /y avoided). Whereas many industrial plants have insufficient space available for capture equipment, centralized/hybrid configurations show no insurmountable space issues. The deployment of the most favorable configurations is addressed in Part B.
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