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Background: Blood Transfusion Services (BTS) are the vital part of modern health care system without which efficient medical care is impossible. To make blood donation safe and increase the confidence of the masses in voluntary blood donation, many safety measures are implemented by the blood transfusion community. The most important of all safety measures is donor selection. Stringent, meticulous and serious donor screening is necessary to afford protection to blood donors and recipients. Aim & Objectives: The aim of this study was to document the current rate and reasons for donor deferral in our tertiary care Centre. Materials and Methods: This retrospective record based study was carried out for whole blood donors at Dr. B R Ambedkar Medical College Hospital Blood bank. Results: In our study the majority of the registered donors were replacement donors (92.2%). Total 2556 people registered for donating blood during the study period (5 years), of whom 2140 (83.7%) were males. 176 donors were deferred by medical officer based on detailed medical history and brief physical examination of donors with regard to hemoglobin (Anaemia), blood pressure (hypertension), temperature (hyperthermia/fever), and pulse irregularity and rate. The majority of donors were deferred for temporary reasons (61.3%) and others were permanently deferred. Conclusion: The donor deferral rates and reasons for deferral for blood donation are important issues to be highlighted among blood donors, general public, in the blood banks and hospitals. We can add a significant number of donors by recruiting back a large number of temporarily deferred donors by remotivating them after addressing the reason for deferral.

Background: Surgical emergencies in the newborns are an important and integral part of neonatal admissions in any tertiary Neonatal intensive care units. Surgical emergencies in the newborn constitute congenital anomalies and acquired neonatal emergencies. It is necessary to know the burden of these illnesses and their spectrum by regular auditing the data available to understand the relative incidence and outcome of these neonatal emergencies. Aims and objective of the study is to determine the spectrum of the different neonatal surgical emergencies (congenital and acquired) admitted, operated and managed in a tertiary NICU from June 2001 to May 2011(10 yrs) in a medical college teaching hospital in South IndiaMethods: The data was collected by retrospectively auditing the hospital pediatric and neonatal admission registry, neonatal surgical registry, admission case sheets from June 2001 to June 2011 (10 yrs). Data was analysed. Only confirmed post-operative surgical diagnosis were considered for inclusion in the study.Results: Of the 13,118 newborns admitted in the NICU in 10 years, 601 cases (4.6%) were surgical neonates which were treated in the unit. 83.5% of surgical neonates were operated for congenital surgical disorders. Gastrointestinal anomalies (50%) were the leading causes of neonatal surgical emergencies. Anorectal malformations (18.5%), idiopathic hypertrophic pyloric stenosis (10.6%) and esophageal atresia with/without tracheo-esophageal fistula (8.7%) were the leading surgical causes which needed immediate surgical intervention in the newborn period. 28 different spectrum of cases were operated including 15 rarer once (<1% incidence each).Conclusions: Surgical new-borns comprises of an important and integral part of neonatal admissions (4.6/100 neonatal admissions). The incidence of the rarer diseases constitutes 8% of the total surgical cases. Gastrointestinal anomalies are the leading causes requiring surgical interventions in the immediate newborn period. It is worthy to understand the spectrum of illnesses in any tertiary unit by regularly auditing the data available.

The general public's view of modern diet and human health has undergone drastic changes in recent years. There is general harmony that many chronic health problems, first noted in Western countries but progressively flourished worldwide, relate mainly to diet. There is far less consensus, however, about the dietary factors implicated in such health problems. This lack of understanding has opened the door to a propagation of different recommendations as to the best diet for modern humans. Let me note that all human alive today are member of the same species, Homo sapiens, and as such, all are fully "modern" humans. Dietary fats are a key example. Since the anti-fat health education initiatives of the 1980's and early 1990's, certain dietary fats have been increasingly recognized as actually beneficial to health. Diet conscious like the mainstream populace, are now getting the message that wise dietary fat choices offer essential fatty acids, blood lipid management, maintained endocrine and immune function, inflammation control, metabolic effects and even potential body composition and performance benefits. Toward this end, many companies now sell specialty dietary fat supplements and recognized health authorities have begun recommending them to certain population. Increasingly, the average consumer has come to regard the supermarket as obstacle of conflicting and potentially dangerous dietary decisions: low fat, high fat, no fat; no meat, less fatty meat; no eggs, one egg a week, unlimited eggs; less carbohydrate, more whole grains, no cereal products; more fruit, less sugar; and so on. Too much confusing information is available, much attention is paid by the popular press and public to fad diets and preliminary dietary findings, and too little attention is paid to serious dietary recommendation. The present review of studies aims to strengthen our knowledge regarding the dietary requirements, food sources, and potential benefits, Modern food and its impact on human health. Practical suggestions for incorporating healthy fats will be made. Both food-source and supplemental intakes will be addressed with interrelationships to health throughout.

Background and Objectives: Perinatal asphyxia contributes to 1.2 million neonatal deaths each year and is also associated with severe neurodevelopmental disabilities. The aim was to study the dynamics of lactate dehydrogenase, Aspartate Transaminase and Alanine Transaminase following perinatal asphyxia and correlation between the mean levels in different stages of Hypoxic Ischaemic Encephalopathy (HIE) and associated mortality. Methodology: This is a prospective case control study of 210 term neonates, of which 158 neonates with perinatal asphyxia (who required resuscitation in the form of PPV) and 52 in the control group (normal neonates who were delivered in the hospital with no morbidities) were included. After taking the informed written consent from the parents, the relevant information from the history and physical examination were recorded in a predesigned proforma. Venous blood sample was collected at less than 12 hours and at 72 hours after the birth for estimation of LDH, AST and ALT and analysed using ANOVA, Fischer Exact test. Babies were followed up till completed 2 months of age. Results: Incidence of hypoxic hepatitis in the present study is 62.65% with a significantly high mortality in this group. A significant difference (P <0.001) was noted between the mean enzyme values of LDH, AST and ALT in all the three stages of HIE and also in levels in between non survivors and survivors. ALT has high specificity and LDH with the highest sensitivity. Conclusion: There seems to be a correlation between serum levels of hepatic enzymes (LDH, ALT and AST) and the extent of CNS injury in Hypoxic Ischaemic Encephalopathy.