Background:Sedentary behavior is related to obesity, but measures of sedentary behaviors are lacking for adults. The purpose of this study was to examine the reliability and validity of the Sedentary Behavior Questionnaire (SBQ) among overweight adults.Methods:Participants were 49 adults for the 2 week test-retest reliability study (67% female, 53% white, mean age = 20) and 401 overweight women (mean age = 41, 61% white) and 441 overweight men (mean age = 44, 81% white) for the validity study. The SBQ consisted of reports of time spent in 9 sedentary behaviors. Outcomes for validity included accelerometer measured inactivity, sitting time (International Physical Activity Questionnaire), and BMI. Intraclass correlation coefficients (ICCs) assessed reliability and partial correlations assessed validity.Results:ICCs were acceptable for all items and the total scale (range = .51–.93). For men, there were significant relationships of SBQ items with IPAQ sitting time and BMI. For women, there were relationships between the SBQ and accelerometer inactivity minutes, IPAQ sitting time, and BMI.Conclusions:The SBQ has acceptable measurement properties for use among overweight adults. Specific measures of sedentary behavior should be included in studies and population surveillance.

Providing Web-based vaccine information with social media applications during pregnancy can positively influence parental vaccine behaviors.

Objective To describe parental vaccine decision making behaviors and characterize trust in physician advice among parents with varying childhood vaccination behaviors. Methods Between 2008 and 2011, a mixed methods study was conducted with parents of children aged <4 years who were members of Kaiser Permanente Colorado health plan. Seven focus groups were conducted with vaccine hesitant parents. Based on findings from the focus groups, a survey was developed, pilot tested and mailed to a stratified sample of 854 parents who accepted (n=500), delayed (n=227), or refused (n=127) vaccinations for one of their children. Survey results were analyzed using chi-square tests and multivariable logistic regression. Results Several themes emerged from the focus groups, including: 1) the vaccine decision making process begins prenatally, 2) vaccine decision making is an evolving process, and 3) there is overall trust in the pediatrician, but a lack of trust in the information they provided about vaccines. The survey response rate was 52% (n=443). Parents who refused or delayed vaccines were 2-times more likely to report that they began thinking about vaccines before their child was born, and 8-times more likely to report that they constantly re-evaluate their vaccine decisions than parents who accepted all vaccines. While parents tended to report trusting their pediatrician’s advice on nutrition, behavior and the physical examination, they did not believe their pediatrician provided balanced information on both the benefits and risks of vaccination. Conclusion These results have implications for future interventions to address parental vaccination concerns. Such interventions may be more effective if they are applied early (during pregnancy), often (pregnancy through infancy), and cover both the risks and benefits of vaccination.

OBJECTIVES To examine patterns and trends of undervaccination in children aged 2 to 24 months and to compare health care utilization rates between undervaccinated and age-appropriately vaccinated children. DESIGN Retrospective matched cohort study. SETTING Eight managed care organizations of the Vaccine Safety Datalink. PARTICIPANTS Children born between 2004 and 2008. MAIN EXPOSURE Immunization records were used to calculate the average number of days undervaccinated. Two matched cohorts were created: 1 with children who were undervaccinated for any reason and 1 with children who were undervaccinated because of parental choice. For both cohorts, undervaccinated children were matched to age-appropriately vaccinated children by birth date, managed care organization, and sex. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES Rates of undervaccination, specific patterns of undervaccination, and health care utilization rates. RESULTS Of 323 247 children born between 2004 and 2008, 48.7% were undervaccinated for at least 1 day before age 24 months. The prevalence of undervaccination and specific patterns of undervaccination increased over time (P < .001). In a matched cohort analysis, undervaccinated children had lower outpatient visit rates compared with children who were age-appropriately vaccinated (incidence rate ratio [IRR], 0.89; 95% CI, 0.89- 0.90). In contrast, undervaccinated children had increased inpatient admission rates compared with age-appropriately vaccinated children (IRR, 1.21; 95% CI, 1.18-1.23). In a second matched cohort analysis, children who were undervaccinated because of parental choice had lower rates of outpatient visits (IRR, 0.94; 95% CI, 0.93-0.95) and emergency department encounters (IRR, 0.91; 95% CI, 0.88-0.94) than age-appropriately vaccinated children. CONCLUSIONS Undervaccination appears to be an increasing trend. Undervaccinated children appear to have different health care utilization patterns compared with age-appropriately vaccinated children.

Background— To determine whether a pharmacist-led, Heart360-enabled, home blood pressure monitoring (HBPM) intervention improves blood pressure (BP) control compared with usual care (UC). Methods and Results— This randomized, controlled trial was conducted in 10 Kaiser Permanente Colorado clinics. Overall, 348 patients with BP above recommended levels were randomized to the HBPM (n=175) or UC (n=173) groups. There were no statistically significant differences in baseline characteristics between the groups; however, there was a trend toward a higher baseline BP for the HBPM group compared with the UC group (148.8 versus 145.5 mm Hg for systolic BP; 89.6 versus 88.0 mm Hg for diastolic BP). At 6 months, the proportion of patients achieving BP goal was significantly higher in the HBPM group (54.1%) than in the UC group (35.4%; P <0.001). Compared with the UC group, the HBPM group experienced a −12.4-mm Hg larger (95% confidence interval, −16.3 to −8.6) reduction in systolic BP and a −5.7-mm Hg larger (95% confidence interval, −7.8 to −3.6) reduction in diastolic BP. The impact of the intervention on BP reduction was even larger for the subgroup of patients with diabetes mellitus or chronic kidney disease. The HBPM group had more e-mail and telephone contacts and greater medication regimen intensification. The proportion of patients reporting high satisfaction with hypertension care was significantly greater in the HBPM group (58%) than in the UC group (42%), P <0.001. Conclusions— A pharmacist-led, Heart360-supported, home BP monitoring intervention led to greater BP reductions, superior BP control, and higher patient satisfaction than UC. Clinical Trial Registration— URL: http://www.clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT01162759 . Unique identifier: NCT01162759.