The taxonomic position, growth characteristics and antibiotic resistance properties of a slightly yellow-pigmented bacterial strain, designated R26 T , isolated from the midgut of the mosquito Anopheles gambiae, were studied. The isolate produced rod-shaped cells, which stained Gram-negative.

Three bacterial strains, designated CCUG 51397 T , CCUG 53736 and CCUG 53920, isolated from water samples taken at different locations in southern Sweden were studied to determine their taxonomic position using a polyphasic approach. Comparative analysis of 16S rRNA gene sequences showed that these bacteria had ,93 % sequence similarity to all described species of the genera Sediminibacterium, Lacibacter, Flavihumibacter, Flavisolibacter, Niabella, Niastella, Segetibacter, Parasegetibacter, Terrimonas, Ferruginibacter, Filimonas and Chitinophaga. The three organisms grouped most closely with Sediminibacterium salmoneum NJ-44 T but showed only 92.5 % sequence similarity to this strain, the only recognized species of this genus. The fatty acid profiles showed large amounts of iso-C 15 : 0 , iso-C 17 : 0 3-OH and iso-C 15 : 1 G with smaller amounts of iso-C 15 : 0 3-OH, iso-C 16 : 0 3-OH and other fatty acids, which differentiated the novel strains from related genera. Biochemical tests performed on strains CCUG 51397 T , CCUG 53736 and CCUG 53920 also gave different results from those of Sediminibacterium salmoneum NJ-44 T and other related genera. Based on this evidence, strains CCUG 51397 T , CCUG 53736 and CCUG 53920 represent a novel species of a new genus, for which the name Hydrotalea flava gen. nov., sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain of Hydrotalea flava is CCUG 51397 T (5CCM 7760 T ). A formal allocation of the genera Sediminibacterium, Lacibacter, Flavihumibacter, Flavisolibacter, Niabella, Niastella, Segetibacter, Parasegetibacter, Terrimonas, Ferruginibacter, Filimonas and Chitinophaga to the family Chitinophagaceae fam. nov. is also proposed.Three bacterial strains, designated CCUG 51397 T , CCUG 53736 and CCUG 53920, were isolated from different water samples taken in July 2005 and November and December 2006 in southern Sweden and were studied using a polyphasic approach. Cells of the isolates were Gram-reaction-negative and formed orange-pigmented colonies. From the results of initial 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis, it was evident that these strains, which had identical 16S rRNA gene sequences, could be allocated to the phylum Bacteroidetes. The most closely related species was found to be Sediminibacterium salmoneum (Qu & Yuan, 2008) et al., 2010). All of these genera formed a distinct cluster in the 16S rRNA gene sequence-based tree and showed some phenotypic similarities. Here, we propose that these three novel strains represent a novel genus, Hydrotalea gen. nov., and in addition formally propose that the genera Chitinophaga, Sediminibacterium,

No abstract

A Gram-stain-negative, rod-shaped, non-spore-forming bacterium originating from a human clinical specimen was studied for its taxonomic position. 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity studies clearly allocated this strain (CCUG 58010T) to the class Betaproteobacteria, closely related to members of the genera Massilia and Naxibacter. Naxibacter varians was shown to be the most closely related species on the basis of 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity (97.5 %), followed by Massilia niastensis (96.8 %) and Massilia aerilata (96.4 %). Similarities to all other species of the genera Naxibacter and Massilia were in the range 93.9–96.2 %. Chemotaxonomic data (major ubiquinone: Q-8; major polar lipids: phosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidylglycerol and diphosphatidylglycerol; and major fatty acids: summed feature 3 (C16 : 1ω7c and/or iso-C15 : 0 2-OH), C16 : 0, C18 : 1ω7c and C12 : 0, with C10 : 0 3-OH as hydroxylated fatty acid) supported the affiliation of the isolate to these genera, which share these chemotaxonomic traits. DNA–DNA hybridization of strain CCUG 58010T with the type strain of N. varians CCUG 35299T resulted in a relatedness value of 39.2 % (reciprocal, 50 %) and physiological and biochemical tests also allowed phenotypic differentiation of the isolate from the most closely related species. There is currently no justification for a division of the genera Massilia and Naxibacter and for this reason a proposal is made to transfer all species of the genus Naxibacter to the genus Massilia, as Massilia alkalitolerans comb. nov., Massilia varians comb. nov., Massilia haematophila comb. nov. and Massilia suwonensis comb. nov. Strain CCUG 58010T represents a novel species, for which the name Massilia consociata sp. nov. is proposed, with the type strain CCUG 58010T ( = CCM 7792T).

Three Gram-staining-negative non-endospore-forming strains were isolated from farmed fish in Chile: one (LM-09-FpT) from a rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) and the others (LM-19-FpT and LM-20-Fp) from two Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar). Phylogenetic analyses based on 16S rRNA gene sequences indicated that all three isolates belonged to the genus Flavobacterium . In these analyses, strain LM-09-FpT appeared most closely related to the type strains of Flavobacterium chungangense (98.5 % sequence similarity), Flavobacterium glaciei (98.2 %), Flavobacterium aquidurense (97.6 %), Flavobacterium saccharophilum (97.6 %) and Flavobacterium hercynium (97.6 %). The 16S rRNA gene sequences of strains LM-19-FpT and LM-20-Fp were found to be identical and most similar to the corresponding sequences of the type strains of Flavobacterium aquidurense (98.6 %), Flavobacterium frigidimaris (98.5 %), Flavobacterium hercynium (97.9 %), Flavobacterium saccharophilum (97.7 %) and Flavobacterium pectinovorum (97.7 %). For each of the three novel strains, menaquinone (MK-6) was the predominant respiratory quinone and the major compounds in the polar lipid profile were phosphatidylethanolamine, an unidentified aminolipid, phosphatidylserine and two or three unknown lipids. The fatty acid profile of each strain, which comprised major amounts of iso-C15 : 0, C15 : 0 and summed feature 3 (C16 : 1ω7c and/or iso-C15 : 0 2-OH) as well as smaller amounts of various hydroxylated fatty acids (e.g. iso-C16 : 0 3-OH, iso-C17 : 0 3-OH, C16 : 0 3-OH and C15 : 0 3-OH), indicated that each belonged to the genus Flavobacterium . Based on their physiological and biochemical characteristics and the results of DNA–DNA hybridizations, which showed relatively low levels of relatedness between the novel strains and the most closely related Flavobacterium species, strain LM-09-FpT ( = LMG 26360T = CCM 7940T) represents a novel species within the genus Flavobacterium , for which the name Flavobacterium chilense sp. nov. is proposed, and strains LM-19-FpT ( = LMG 26359T = CCM 7939T) and LM-20-Fp ( = LMG 26331) represent a second novel species within the same genus, for which the name Flavobacterium araucananum sp. nov. is proposed.

ErrataElizabethkingia anophelis sp. nov., isolated from the midgut of the mosquito Anopheles gambiae

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A culture-independent method for multilocus sequence typing of Microcoleus chthonoplastes was developed based on mechanical separation of individual cyanobacterial filaments from natural microbial mat populations through micromanipulation, subsequent polymerase chain reaction (PCR) amplification and sequence analysis of three genetic loci (kaiC, petB/D, rDNA-ITS). Among 81 individuals sampled from intertidal sand flats of the North Sea and Baltic Sea, we found 8-14 different sequences (alleles) per genetic locus, resulting in 36 distinct genotypes with unique allele profiles. Non-congruent phylogenetic gene trees for the three loci analysed and split decomposition analysis indicated the occurrence of horizontal genetic exchange. The index of association determined for the entire population was 0.096, indicating that recombination occurs frequently enough to cause almost random association (linkage equilibrium) among alleles. Analysing individuals from three different locations in the North Sea and Baltic Sea, we did not find evidence for geographic subdivisions between populations.