In
this work, we investigate the potential of highly sulfated synthetic
glycomimetics to act as inhibitors of viral binding/infection. Our
results indicate that both long-chain glycopolymers and short-chain
glycooligomers are capable of preventing viral infection. Notably,
glycopolymers efficiently inhibit Human Papillomavirus (HPV16) infection
in vitro and maintain their antiviral activity in vivo, while the
glycooligomers exert their inhibitory function post attachment of
viruses to cells. Moreover, when we tested the potential for broader
activity against several other human pathogenic viruses, we observed
broad-spectrum antiviral activity of these compounds beyond our initial
assumptions. While the compounds tested displayed a range of antiviral
efficacies, viruses with rather diverse glycan specificities such
as Herpes Simplex Virus (HSV), Influenza A Virus (IAV), and Merkel
Cell Polyomavirus (MCPyV) could be targeted. This opens new opportunities
to develop broadly active glycomimetic inhibitors of viral entry and
infection.
Ascospores of Neosartorya, Byssochlamys and Talaromyces can be regarded as the most stress-resistant eukaryotic cells. They can survive exposure at temperatures as high as 85°C for 100 min or more. Neosartorya fischeri ascospores are more viscous and more resistant to the combined stress of heat and desiccation than the ascospores of Talaromyces macrosporus which contain predominantly trehalose. These ascospores contain trehalose-based oligosaccharides (TOS) that are novel compatible solutes, which are accumulated to high levels. These compounds are also found in other members of the genus Neosartorya and in some other genera within the order Eurotiales that also include Byssochlamys and Talaromyces. The presence of oligosaccharides was observed in species that had a relatively high growth temperature. TOS glasses have a higher glass transition temperature (Tg) than trehalose, and they form a stable glass with crystallizing molecules, such as mannitol. Our data indicate that TOS are important for prolonged stabilization of cells against stress. The possible unique role of these solutes in protection against dry heat conditions is discussed.
[Co(P1)] is an effective catalyst for asymmetric cyclopropanation with succinimidyl diazoacetate. The Co(II)-catalyzed reaction is suitable for various olefins, providing the desired cyclopropane succinimidyl esters in high yields and excellent diastereo- and enantioselectivity. The resulting enantioenriched cyclopropane succinimidyl esters can serve as convenient synthons for the general synthesis of optically active cyclopropyl carboxamides.
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