Este texto va destinado a mostrar diferentes ideas sobre la cámara como principal herramienta metodológica para investigar el tratamiento mediático de la realidad y en concreto la re-presentación social en los medios de comunicación, realizadas desde el MIGRACOM (Observatorio y Grupo de Investigación de Migración y Comunicación) de la Universidad Autónoma de Barcelona (UAB), durante las dos últimas décadas (1996-2015). Se usa la cámara a partir del estudio interdisciplinar (comunicación, antropología, pedagogía, política, sociología y lingüística) del mismo objeto de estudio audiovisual y la multimodalidad metodológica o análisis transversal desde la producción, emisión, recepción y dinamización de los mensajes audiovisuales. Asimismo, la cámara permite vincular la investigación científica, académica, con la producción audiovisual real. Su uso emerge del mestizaje de la racionalidad cuantitativa con la espontaneidad cotidiana.
Introduction: Our objective is to analyze the treatment that audiovisual advertising makes of sociocultural diversity, focusing particularly on phenotypic traits. We also propose some lines of action oriented towards good dynamizing practices in inclusive intercultural milieus, avoiding the reproduction of racist or xenophobic assumptions. Methodology: we have based our analysis on: (a) a general sample of 834 advertisements broadcasted in prime time on various Spanish television channels, (b) in-depth interviews with 38 advertising experts, (c) collaborative work with various professional associations and institutional organizations, and (d) a reception study with 249 college students. Results: we conclude that phenotypic diversity in advertising is underrepresented with respect to the social reality of reference and that inclusive good practices must go through the incorporation of multicultural diversity in television advertising. We emphasize the importance of doing it from intercultural dynamizing perspectives that show discourses with interpersonal and intergroup interconnections in different contexts and situations.
Visual and audiovisual advertising is an influential social language that transforms representations of reality into cultural references, with direct implications for the perception of diversity. However, despite its impact on the fabric of society, few studies have tackled the representation of phenotypic variability in advertising by combining academic and professional perspectives on the phenomenon in Spain. Our study explores this matter through systematic data collection from 834 TV adverts, coding data on 359 on-screen characters, and in-depth interviews with 38 advertising professionals. The conclusions of the study show, among other findings: (a) the low level of phenotypic diversity in television advertising; (b) the under-representation of certain groups; and (c) the complexity of decision-making between clients and agencies, who have to reconcile risk aversion with the effectiveness required for any advertising campaign. This research can be of use for companies in the advertising sector (giving them improved knowledge of specific targets) and policymakers (by helping to promote better intercultural dynamics and the integration of minority groups).
O texto propõe o levantamento e a discussão de implicações metodológicas para o estudo das migrações contemporâneas como instância de recepção midiática a partir de experiências de pesquisa no contexto europeu (Espanha) e latino-americano (Brasil) e desde diferentes perspectivas qualitativas e quantitativas. Uma primeira implicação diz respeito às fronteiras e inter-relações entre instâncias midiáticas e não midiáticas no marco da noção de ethos midiatizado. Uma segunda faz referência às possibilidades de demarcação, no universo da recepção, das incidências, entre a população imigrante e não imigrante, desse ethos midiatizado sobre as migrações contemporâneas. Uma terceira e última perspectiva aponta para as implicações identitárias das experiências migratórias na configuração de especificidades de lógicas e estratégias de usos das mídias.
Este artículo busca examinar el posicionamiento identitario cultural de la publicidad en los tiempos de crisis económica en Cataluña, coincidentes con el cambio nacionalista hacia la independencia de España en el año 2014. Tras analizar una muestra de 441 spots de TV3, la cadena de mayor audiencia en Cataluña, se constata que la interpretación de los personajes recae casi totalmente en el fenotipo blanco-caucásico. Por lo tanto, el discurso publicitario no es representativo de la diversidad cultural de la sociedad catalana actual. Excluye a los “otros” venidos de Latinoamérica, África o Asia, y se posiciona del lado del “nosotros” blancocaucásico y lo “nuestro”. No fomenta el lenguaje inclusivo que recomiendan los organismos reguladores de los contenidos mediáticos, como la Mesa por la Diversidad en el Audiovisual del Consejo del Audiovisual de Cataluña (2013), para promover la dinamización intercultural y evitar la xenofobia.
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