No abstract

El chile “amashito” es una especie no domesticada y ampliamente consumido en el sureste de México. Para cubrir la demanda, casi la totalidad proviene de recolectas silvestres, lo que impacta de forma negativa la distribución y abundancia. Además, las semillas de esta especie contienen una cutícula cerosa dura y la presencia de inhibidores naturales, que dan lugar a una germinación menor de 5%. Por tanto, el objetivo de este estudio fue evaluar Biozyme TF® como inductor en la germinación de las semillas. El trabajo se realizó en la División Académica Multidisciplinaria de los Ríos, durante diciembre 2014 a enero 2015. El experimento se estableció mediante un diseño completamente al azar, tratando las semillas con 1.6% (v/v) de Biozyme TF® durante 0, 12, 18 y 24 horas en inmersión, más un testigo que consistió en hidratarlas solo con agua durante 24 h. Los resultados indican que el tiempo de 12, 18 y 24 h de inmersión de las semillas en Biozyme TF® 1.6% tiene un efecto altamente signif icativo (α 0.01), obteniendo 61.5, 83.3, 86.6% de germinación, respectivamente. En comparación cuando no se hidrataron, de igual manera cuando solo se hidrataron con agua por 24 h, resultando 40 y 43% de germinación, respectivamente. Se concluye que al tratar las semillas con 1.6% de Biozyme TF® durante 24 h de inmersión se logra hasta 86% de semillas germinadas a los 12 días de la siembra.

No abstract

Resistant starch (RS) stands out for its properties related to human health. In the digestive system it provides the benefits of dietary fiber and acts as a prebiotic. New sources of resistant starch are being investigated. The proximal composition, functional properties and microbiological quality of square banana starches (Musa balbisiana Colla) were determined. The fruits were harvested in plantations of Tabasco, Mexico, with degree of maturity type I. The flour was elaborated by drying in an oven. The extraction of the starches was carried out using a wet method and the resistant starches, by enzymatic method. The concentration of bacterial groups was quantified by the surface culture method. The solubility, swelling power and water absorption patterns were evaluated at 60, 70, 80 and 90 ºC. Products with low moisture content were obtained: flour (7.45 ± 0.28), native starch (9.28 ± 0.55) and sterilized starch (10.82 ± 0.10). In the protein content, the highest concentration was observed in the flour (4.44 ± 0.40), followed by the native starch (1.19 ± 0.04), RS2 (0.13 ± 0.01) and RS3 (0.19 ± 0.01). Functional properties are related to different factors, such as temperature, granule size, amylose content and type of resistant starch. RS3 presented the best functional properties and good microbiological quality. The native starch presented the highest microbial load. RS2 and the sterilized starch presented the lowest values of the functional properties.

Six leguminous species Frijol bayo (Vigna unguiculata), Frijol white Var. Orituco, Quinchoncho dwarf (Cajanus cajan (L.) Millsp., cv. Aroita), Kudzú tropical (Pueraria phaseoloides), Crotalaria (Crotalaria juncea), Sesbania (Sesbania grandiflora) were established in an agroforest systems to assess his effect on the chemical property of a Alfisol soil at municipality Ospino Portuguese state, at the farm La Yaguara planted with E. urograndis. In a design in random blocks with 7 processings and 4 repetitions, employing STATIXTIS 9.0 to carry out the ANDEVA and for variables where differences are presented the test was employed of Tukey (5%); obtaining as results that in the soil of the farm The Yaguara alone significant differences were found (P<0,05) for the variables relation C/N, CO, Zn, highly significant and differences (P<0,01)for N; being the Sesbania and quinchoncho the best treatment in relation C/N; for CO the frijol blanco and the treatment control; for Zn the quinchoncho and treatment control, frijol blanco and kudzú tropical; in the N quinchoncho and Sesbania. To confirm the generated profit to the agroforestry system analysis were completed foliate to the eucalyptus, finding highly significant differences for P with Frijol blanco and Kudzú and significant for Zn where is quinchoncho and treatment control.

The content of lactic acid bacteria (LAB) is an important quality parameter in probiotic functional foods. Complex culture media formulated with natural additives are an alternative for their quantification. In this work we propose the use of orange, onion and jalapeño pepper juices, guava and noni pulps, as well as milk powder as ingredients of complex culture media for BAL quantification. The concentration of BAL recovered in the complex culture media and the commercial medium for lactobacilli De Man, Rogosa and Sharpe (MRS) were compared. No significant difference was found (P < 0.05) in BAL recovery between culture media made with orange juice (Log 9.33 ± 0.05 CFU/mL), guava pulp (Log 9.20 ± 0.10 CFU/mL), pulp noni (Log 9.12 ± 0.10 CFU/mL), milk powder (Log 9.10 ± 0.15 CFU/mL) and MRS (Log 9.20 ± 0.22 CFU/mL). However, the count was lower in the media added with onion and jalapeño pepper. Complex culture media are a simple, economical and quality alternative for the quantification of BAL in functional probiotic foods, such as fermented milk products and yogurt.

No abstract

Las garrapatas Rhipicephalus (Boophilus) microplus representan un problema fuerte en los sistemas de producción bovina en el trópico húmedo mexicano. Para su control se aplican varios productos químicos con implicaciones negativas como bioresistencia, altos costos, impacto ambiental y riesgos en la salud de las personas  que consumen leche y carne  que pueden contener residuos . El objetivo de esta investigación fue evaluar la patogenicidad in vitro de las cepas MM0801 y CD0804 de Metarhizium anisopliae sobre garrapatas Rhipicephalus (Boophilus) microplus. Se evaluaron cinco concentraciones 3x104, 3x105, 3x106, 3x107, 2.6x108 de conidios/ml de M. anisopliae sobre garrapatas en estado adulto recolectadas vivas de bovino de la cuenca lechera de Catazajá, Chiapas, México. Las garrapatas fueron susceptibles al hongo entomopatógeno encontrando una mortalidad del 50 % donde la Concentración Letal Media obtenida fue de 6.58 x 106 conidios/ml de la cepa MM0801. Se concluye que M. anisopliae influye en el grado de virulencia de la garrapata, lo cual puede ser una alternativa de control biológico de la garrapata en el trópico húmedo mexicano.