Prescribing errors can cause avoidable harm to patients. Most prescriptions originate in primary care, where medications tend to be self-administered and errors have the most potential to cause harm. Reporting prescribing errors can identify trends and reduce the risk of the reoccurrence of incidents; however, under-reporting is common. The organisation of care and the movement of prescriptions from general practice to community pharmacy may create difficulties for professionals to effectively report errors.This review aims specifically to identify primary research studies that examine barriers and facilitators to prescription error reporting across primary care. A systematic research of the literature was completed in July 2019. Four databases (PubMed/Medline, Cochrane, CINAHL and Web of Science) were searched for relevant studies. No date or language limits were applied. Eligible studies were critically appraised using the Mixed Methods Appraisal Tool, and data were descriptively and narratively synthesised.Ten articles were included in the final analysis. Seven studies considered prescription errors and error reporting within general practice and three within a community pharmacy setting. Findings from the included studies are presented across five themes, including definition of an error, prescribing error reporting culture, reporting processes, communication and capacity.Healthcare professionals appreciate the value of prescription error reporting, but there are key barriers to implementation, including time, fear of reprisal and organisation separation within primary care.

This article provides a timely and critical reappraisal of the interconnected, but discrete, doctrines of loss of self-control, under ss 54

<p>The article adopts a mixed method approach to evaluating sports and arts-based interventions within Secure Children’s Homes in England and Wales; an under-researched area of the criminal justice system. The research adopts the innovative Diamond9 model and semi-structured interviews to evaluate the study. This is the first time the model has been adopted within a Secure Children’s Home. The results provide an original insight into the voice of this currently underrepresented demographic of the Secure Estate, and highlight future approaches to evaluating rehabilitative models for this hard to reach group.</p><p>Keywords: Dance interventions; Diamond9; Secure Children’s Homes; Sports interventions; Young People.</p>

This article provides an in-depth analysis of the Crimes Amendment (Abolition of Defensive Homicide) Act 2014 which had the effect of repealing the Australian state of Victoria’s only general ‘partial defence’ of defensive homicide, and replaced the existing statutory self-defence in murder/manslaughter provisions and general common law self-defence rules with a single test. The abolition of defensive homicide means there is now no general ‘partial defence’ to accommodate cases falling short of self-defence. The change is likely to mean that some primary victims will find themselves bereft of a defence. This is the experience in New Zealand where the Family Violence Death Review Committee recently recommended the reintroduction of a partial defence, postabolition of provocation in 2009. Primary victims in New Zealand are being convicted of murder and sentences are double those issued pre-2009. Both jurisdictions require that a new partial defence be introduced, and accordingly, an entirely new defence predicated on a fear of serious violence and several threshold filter mechanisms designed to accommodate the circumstances of primary victims is advanced herein. The proposed framework draws upon earlier recommendations of the Law Commission for England and Wales, and a comprehensive review of the operation of ss 54 and 55 of the Coroners and Justice Act 2009, but the novel framework rejects the paradoxical loss of self-control requirement and sexed normative standard operating within that jurisdiction. The recommendations are complemented by social framework evidence and mandatory jury directions, modelled on the law in Victoria. A novel interlocutory appeal procedure designed to prevent unnecessary appellate court litigation is also outlined. This bespoke model provides an appropriate via media and optimal solution to the problems faced by primary victims in Victoria and New Zealand.

benefit from their own crime 'one consequence of which is that his children have become solely dependent on him' (at [49]).The court reviewed earlier appeals concerned with sentencing decisions of parental child abduction offences. All involved different facts with only one successful appeal for a reduction in sentence. R v Dryden-Hall [1997] 2 Cr App (S) 235 could be distinguished from the present appeals. The appellant was a mother who abducted her child for a period of 21 months, significantly less than in the present cases. She was granted a reduction in sentence as a result of the broken bond between herself and the abducted child. The child no longer wanted a relationship with her. In this respect the harm caused as a consequence of her actions was not as severe to the child and the left-behind parent compared with the present appeals. The Court of Appeal concluded that, following its earlier decision, sentencing decisions for parental child abduction offences require a significant element of deterrence (at [53]). It is therefore unsurprising that both appellants' appeals were dismissed in the present cases. The Court of Appeal's strong stance in these cases of 'outrageous circumstances' is commendable.