Accessible summary• Dementia is an illness caused by damage to a person's brain.• People with learning disabilities, especially people with Down's Syndrome, are more likely to get dementia, and when they are younger.• We talked to people working in community learning disability teams to find out what they thought about services and support for people with learning disabilities and dementia and carers.• Screening and assessments mean that people get diagnosis and support more quickly and other problems are picked up.• More appropriate housing and support is needed so people can stay at home for longer.• Research needs to look at the best ways to support people with learning disabilities and dementia.• It is important to find ways to involve people with learning disabilities and dementia and carers in meetings about their support and future research. AbstractBackground: Dementia prevalence rates are higher amongst people with learning dis-

Accessible summary• People with Down's syndrome are more likely to develop dementia than the general population and at a younger age. • Researchers and clinicians who have looked into this have said that all people with Down's syndrome should be assessed once in early adulthood so that people know what their skill level is in case changes occur later on. • This article talks about how we did this in Manchester. SummaryThere has been much research that has identified an increased prevalence of Dementia in adults with Down's syndrome when compared with the general population. Neuropathological changes associated with Alzheimer's dementia in the brain have been found in most people with Down's syndrome who die over the age of 35 years. Given the limitations of many assessments for dementia in relation to people with Down's syndrome for a single completion, it has been recommended that all people with Down's syndrome are assessed at least once in early adulthood in order that they have their own baseline which can be compared with in the future if changes in skills and abilities occur. The authors have had many requests from other services enquiring about this project and how a similar initiative could be set up in their area which is what has led us to write this article. Therefore, this article focuses on the way the Manchester Learning Disability Partnership approached screening 135 adults with Down's syndrome and details the assessments used, practical considerations, what has been learned and future service implications.

Sixteen adults from a local day centre were assessed using a first-order representation of false-belief task (Sally-Ann experiment) for their 'theory of mind' abilities (the ability to correctly reason about another's mental state). It was found that only 12.5% of participants could perform this task correctly. The study then went on to establish whether this ability could be trained, retrained andor transferred. The results showed a significant improvement in participants' performance through training, this improvement was maintained over time and participants appeared to transfer this ability to a similar task. It was concluded that this research puts further doubt on an absencelimpaired theory of mind being unique to autism. Implications were discussed in terms of social interaction and people with intellectual disabilities.

Background Theory of Mind (TOM) has rarely been studied in people with intellectual disabilities. Wherever it has been studied, differing results have been found. These may be attributed to a variety of factors (e.g. the different chronological ages of samples). The validity of relating TOM performance to social behaviour has also been questioned in this population. The aim of this study was to compare TOM scores with chronological age and social ability in an attempt to contribute to current debate. Methods Twenty children were matched individually with 20 adults, all with non-speci®c intellectual disabilities. The British Picture Vocabulary Scale, Raven's Coloured Progressive Matrices and four TOM tasks were administered to the participants. Their carers were then given various sociability measures to complete. Results The children achieved signi®cantly higher TOM scores than did the adults. TOM and social ability were signi®cantly positively correlated for the children, but not for the adults. These results are discussed in terms of the different social experiences of adults and children with intellectual disabilities. Conclusions Longitudinal research in this area is needed to clarify the present ®ndings. If con®rmed, the suitability of some TOM tasks used may be questionable, and there are clear implications for staff and client training.

BackgroundThe use of targeted radiation with radioisotopes has been applied for decades in thyroid cancer. However, the use of radioligand therapy-also referred to as peptide-receptor radionuclide therapy (PRRT), systemic radiation therapy, targeted radionuclide therapy (TRT), targeted radiotherapy or molecular radiotherapy-is now gaining ground more broadly in oncology. Therapies have been approved for a small number of cancers where few treatment options exist, such as midgut neuroendocrine tumours and metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer (mCRPC) [1, 2], and they have been shown to improve progression-free survival and quality of life for many patients [3][4][5][6][7]. The approach is also being explored in other cancer and non-cancer conditions.Nuclear medicine has, traditionally, sat somewhat on the sidelines of cancer care; however, the evolving oncology landscape suggests its role will grow, with broader applications in both diagnostics and therapy [8]. Nuclear medicine specialists will need to be fully integrated into multidisciplinary cancer care teams, and appropriate resourcing to deliver radioligand therapy-in terms of hospital infrastructure and workforce, as well as nuclear waste facilities-will need to be taken into account in future cancer plans and care pathways.Over the course of 2019, we conducted desk research and semi-structured expert interviews to explore potential barriers to achieving this integration in practice, drawing on insights from five different countries-Germany, Italy, Poland, Spain and the United Kingdom. The resulting document, 'Radioligand therapy: realising the potential of targeted cancer care', [9] was launched at the European Parliament in January 2020 along with an accompanying video explaining radioligand therapy for a lay audience. This report is an important reminder to the fields of nuclear medicine and oncology of the factors necessary to ensure advances in nuclear medicine reach patients in future models of cancer care.What are the potential barriers to integration of radioligand therapy into cancer care?Healthcare systems are often inadequately prepared for greater utilisation and integration of radioligand therapy. The report identified six key barriers to the greater integration of radioligand therapy into cancer care: low awareness and understanding; limited professional capacity, training and workforce planning; unclear models of care; inadequate physical capacity and resourcing in hospitals; evolving legislation, regulation and policy; and lack of data and research [9].