Background In this paper we present a systematic review of the evidence on the use of social media by people with intellectual disability. Method Ten primary studies published in the English language between January 2000 and June 2014 were identified from electronic database searches (CINAHL, PsychInfo, PubMed, Web of Knowledge, and Scopus), correspondence with experts, and citation tracking. Results Nine themes were identified through thematic analysis of the texts: "safety and safeguarding," "social identity," "level of usage," "support," "relationships," "happiness and enjoyment," "communication and literacy skills," "cyber-language and cyber-etiquette," and "accessibility/design". Conclusion Examination of these themes revealed that some people with intellectual disability are having positive experiences using social media in terms of friendships, development of social identity and self-esteem, and enjoyment. However, barriers that stop people with intellectual disability from successfully accessing social media were identified as being safeguarding concerns, difficulties caused by literacy and communication skills, cyber-language, cyberetiquette, and accessibility (including lack of appropriate equipment).

Background There is growing evidence that people with intellectual disabilities have greater healthcare needs than the general population and that these needs are often unmet. Recently, increasing attention has been drawn to poor care received by people with intellectual disabilities when admitted to hospital. Method A literature search was conducted to identify studies on experiences of secondary healthcare for people with intellectual disabilities. Studies were published between January 1990 and March 2008. Results Thirteen studies were identified. Important influences on the experience of hospital care were: individual factors; the carer's role; the attitudes, knowledge and communicative style of health staff; and the physical environment. A range of recommendations and initiatives have been developed to improve hospital care. Conclusion More research is needed, given that so few studies are published in this area. Initiatives to improve access to secondary healthcare need to be evaluated to inform the development of services.

Numerous individual, social and environmental factors influence oral care. A coordinated organisational response is advocated involving collaboration between dental and intellectual disability services and training for caregivers and people with intellectual disabilities.

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Findings suggest that people with ID demonstrate some understanding of what constitutes being healthy and are aware of healthy lifestyles, the consequences of unhealthy behaviours, and of the need for moderation.

People with intellectual disabilities face both societal and digital exclusion. This chapter focuses on the current state of evidence around the use of the Internet and Information Communication Technologies (ICT) by people with intellectual disabilities (ID). It considers the factors underpinning the digital exclusion of people with ID and the current levels and nature of Internet and ICT use by this group. It then discusses the benefits and barriers in relation to theoretical models and literature detailing the risks of being online and the role of support in facilitating and preventing digital inclusion. The chapter concludes by summarizing the current state of the research literature and highlighting areas where more research is required to increase the digital inclusion and self-determination of people with ID.

Those working in epilepsy and intellectual disability services and families must be made more aware of the possibility of misdiagnosis. Future research is needed about the misdiagnosis of epilepsy amongst people with intellectual disabilities and carer knowledge.

SUMMARY Fifteen adolescents with physical disabilities were compared with able‐bodied controls by means of questionnaires to assess their self‐esteem and their future aspirations and expectations. There was no significant difference for self‐esteem between the two groups. This encouraging finding is inconsistent with earlier findings of low self‐esteem. There was no significant correlation between the self‐esteem of the physically disabled adolescents and the difference between their aspirations and expectations; however, there was a significant negative correlation for the able‐bodied controls. RÉSUMÉ Auto‐appréciation, aspirations et attentes d'adolescents présentant des incapacités motrices Des questionnaires ont permis d'évaluer l'auto‐appréciation, les aspirations pour le futur et les attentes chez 15 adolescents présentant des incapacités motrices, comparés avec des contrôles sans incapacités. Il n'a pas été trouvé de différences d'auto‐appréciation entre les deux groupes. Ces données encourageants contredisent les données antérieures de pauvre auto‐appréciation. Il n'y avail pas de correlation significative entre l'auto‐appréciation des adolescents présentant des incapacités motrices et leurs aspirations ou attentes; il y avail en revanche une corrélation négative significative chez les contrôles sans incapacités. ZUSAMMENFASSUNG Selbstwertgefühl, Wünsche und Erwartungen von körperlich behinderten Jugendlichen Fünfzehn körperlich behinderte Jugendliche wurden mit gesunden Kontrollen anhand von Fragenbögen verglichen, urn ihr Selbstwertgefühl und ihre Wünsche und Erwartungen für die Zukunft zu erforschen. Es fand sich zwischen den beiden Gruppen kein Unterschied in Bezug auf das Selbstwertgefühl. Dieses ermutigende Ergebnis widerlegt frühere Befunde von einem niedrigen Selbstwertgefühl. Es gab keine signifikante Beziehung zwischen dem Selbstwertgefühl der körperlich behinderten Jugendlichen und ihren Wünschen und Erwartungen; dagegen gab es für die gesunden Kontrollen eine negative signifikante Korrelation. RESUMEN Autoestima, aspiraciones y expectativas de los adolescentes con dificultades físicas Quince adolescentes con deficiencias físicas fueron comparados con controles fïsicamente capaces, por medio de cuestionarios para evaluar su autoestima y sus futuras aspiraciones y expectativas. No había ninguna diferencia entre los dos grupos por lo que hacía a la autoestima. Este hallazgo animador es inconsistente con hallazgos anteriores de baja estima. No había correlación significativa entre la autoestima de los adolescentes con incapacidad física y sus aspiraciones y expectativas. Sin embargo había una correlación negative significativa en los control les físicamente capaces.