As our understanding of the nature and prevalence of post-coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) syndrome (PCS) is increasing, a measure of the impact of COVID-19 could provide valuable insights into patients' perceptions in clinical trials and epidemiological studies as well as routine clinical practice. To evaluate the clinical usefulness and psychometric properties of the COVID-19 Yorkshire Rehabilitation Scale (C19-YRS) in patients with PCS, a prospective, observational study of 187 consecutive patients attending a post-COVID-19 rehabilitation clinic was conducted. The C19-YRS was used to record patients' symptoms, functioning, and disability. A global health question was used to measure the overall impact of PCS on health. Classical psychometric methods (data quality, scaling assumptions, targeting, reliability, and validity) were used to assess the C19-YRS. For the total group, missing data were low, scaling and targeting assumptions were satisfied, and internal consistency was high (Cronbach's α = 0.891). Relationships between the overall perception of health and patients' reports of symptoms, functioning, and disability demonstrated good concordance. This is the first study to examine the psychometric properties of an outcome measure in patients with PCS. In this sample of patients, the C19-YRS was clinically useful and satisfied standard psychometric criteria, providing preliminary evidence of its suitability as a measure of PCS.

Introduction Long COVID, a new condition whose origins and natural history are not yet fully established, currently affects 1.5 million people in the UK. Most do not have access to specialist long COVID services. We seek to optimise long COVID care both within and outside specialist clinics, including improving access, reducing inequalities, helping self-management and providing guidance and decision support for primary care. We aim to establish a ‘gold standard’ of care by systematically analysing current practices, iteratively improving pathways and systems of care. Methods and analysis This mixed-methods, multisite study is informed by the principles of applied health services research, quality improvement, co-design, outcome measurement and learning health systems. It was developed in close partnership with patients (whose stated priorities are prompt clinical assessment; evidence-based advice and treatment and help with returning to work and other roles) and with front-line clinicians. Workstreams and tasks to optimise assessment, treatment and monitoring are based in three contrasting settings: workstream 1 (qualitative research, up to 100 participants), specialist management in 10 long COVID clinics across the UK, via a quality improvement collaborative, experience-based co-design and targeted efforts to reduce inequalities of access, return to work and peer support; workstream 2 (quantitative research, up to 5000 participants), patient self-management at home, technology-supported monitoring and validation of condition-specific outcome measures and workstream 3 (quantitative research, up to 5000 participants), generalist management in primary care, harnessing electronic record data to study population phenotypes and develop evidence-based decision support, referral pathways and analysis of costs. Study governance includes an active patient advisory group. Ethics and dissemination LOng COvid Multidisciplinary consortium Optimising Treatments and servIces acrOss the NHS study is sponsored by the University of Leeds and approved by Yorkshire & The Humber—Bradford Leeds Research Ethics Committee (ref: 21/YH/0276). Participants will provide informed consent. Dissemination plans include academic and lay publications, and partnerships with national and regional policymakers. Trial registration number NCT05057260,NCT15022307.

This is a repository copy of ReuseUnless indicated otherwise, fulltext items are protected by copyright with all rights reserved. The copyright exception in section 29 of the Copyright, Designs and Patents Act 1988 allows the making of a single copy solely for the purpose of non-commercial research or private study within the limits of fair dealing. The publisher or other rights-holder may allow further reproduction and re-use of this version -refer to the White Rose Research Online record for this item. Where records identify the publisher as the copyright holder, users can verify any specific terms of use on the publisher's website. TakedownIf you consider content in White Rose Research Online to be in breach of UK law, please notify us by emailing eprints@whiterose.ac.uk including the URL of the record and the reason for the withdrawal request. Title pageA pilot single-blind multicentre randomised controlled trial to evaluate the potential benefits of computer-assisted arm rehabilitation gaming technology on arm function of children with spastic cerebral palsy. Run Authors: All authors meet the criteria described in Information and Instructions to the authors.A pilot single-blind multicentre randomised controlled trial to evaluate the potential benefits of computer-assisted arm rehabilitation gaming technology on arm function of children with spastic cerebral palsy. AbstractObjective: To evaluate the potential benefits of computer-assisted arm rehabilitation gaming technology on arm function of children with spastic cerebral palsy.Design: a single-blind randomised controlled trial design. Power calculations indicated that 58 children would be required to demonstrate a clinically important difference.Setting: Intervention was home-based; recruitment took place in regional spasticity clinics.Participants: Fifteen children with cerebral palsy aged five to twelve years were recruited; eight to the device group.Interventions: Both study groups spasticity treatment with botulinum toxin; the intervention group also received a rehabilitation gaming device.Main measures: ABILHAND-kids and Canadian Occupational Performance Measure were performed by blinded assessors at baseline, six and twelve weeks.Results: An ANCOVA showed no group differences in mean ABILHAND-kids scores between time points. A non-parametric ANOVA on Canadian Occupational Performance Measure scores showed a statistically significant improvement across time points (x 2 (2,15)=6.778, p=0.031) but this improvement did not reach minimal clinically important difference. Mean daily device use was seven minutes. Recruitment did not reach target due to unanticipated staff shortages in clinical services. Feedback from children and their families indicated that the games were not sufficiently engaging to promote sufficient use that was likely to result in functional benefits. Conclusion:This study suggests that computer-assisted arm rehabilitation gaming does not benefit arm function but a Type II error cannot be ruled out. Clinical messages: The use of ass...

This paper presents a case study of users' involvement in the design and evaluation of two devices for upper limb rehabilitation for children with cerebral palsy to use in their homes. The devices comprise a computer game and a force feedback interface, designed to stimulate children with cerebral palsy to undertake fun arm exercises that are beneficial in terms of improving overall functional use of their impaired arm. This device was developed for children using a combination of informal and formal user-centred design methods. The methods used include standard questionnaires, interviews, a modified peer tutoring process and a comparative method, and have been applied to the iterative design of both the hardware and software components of the rehabilitation systems. Thirty-seven non-disabled children and 15 children with cerebral palsy in the 5-12-year-old age group were involved in the evaluation, held at six local primary schools. Prototypes of the final design were used by 18 patients with cerebral palsy for approximately 4 weeks as a therapeutic intervention. To evaluate the designs, qualitative and questionnaire-based opinion was sought from these children, and their parents, at the end of the intervention. An evaluation of the methodologies employed is presented.

Background: The C19-YRS is the literature's first condition-specific, validated scale for patient assessment and monitoring in Post-COVID-19 syndrome (PCS).The 22-item scale's subscales (scores) are symptom severity (0-100), functional disability (0-50), additional symptoms (0-60), and overall health (0-10).Objectives: This study aimed to test the scale's psychometric properties using Rasch analysis and modify the scale based on analysis findings, emerging information on essential PCS symptoms, and feedback from a working group of patients and professionals.Methods: Data from 370 PCS patients were assessed using a Rasch Measurement Theory framework to test model fit, local dependency, response category functioning, differential item functioning, targeting, reliability, and unidimensionality.The working group undertook iterative changes to the scale based on the psychometric results and including essential symptoms.Results: Symptom severity and functional disability subscales showed good targeting and reliability. Post hoc rescoring suggested that a 4-point response category structure would be more appropriate than an 11-point response for both subscales.Symptoms with binary responses were placed in the other symptoms subscale.The overall health single-item subscale remained unchanged. Conclusion:A 17-item C19-YRSm was developed with subscales (scores): symptom severity (0-30), functional disability (0-15), other symptoms (0-25), and overall health (0-10).

Objective:To identify effective motor training interventions for children with developmental coordination disorder from research graded as high quality (using objective criteria) for the purpose of informing evidence-based clinical practice.Data sources:We followed the guidance for conducting systematic reviews issued by the Centre for Reviews and Dissemination. Six OvidSP electronic databases (AMED, All EBM reviews (including Cochrane), Embase, Ovid MEDLINE, PsychARTICLES Full Text, PsycINFO) were searched systematically. We aimed to retain only randomized control trials and systematic reviews of randomized control trials, defined as the highest level of evidence by the Oxford Centre for Evidence-Based Medicine. We searched reference lists of retained articles to identify further appropriate articles.Review methods:Two reviewers critically appraised and categorized articles by effect size (including confidence intervals), inclusion of power calculations and quality using the Physiotherapy Evidence Database (PEDro) scale. Only studies scoring seven or more on the PEDro scale (classed by the PEDro as high reliability) were retained.Results:No systematic reviews met our criteria for inclusion from 846 articles yielded by the systematic search. Nine randomized control trials investigating 15 interventions to improve motor skills met our inclusion criteria for ‘high quality’. Nevertheless, not all included studies were adequately powered for determining an effect.Conclusion:Large effect sizes associated with 95 % confidence intervals suggest that ‘Neuromotor Task Training’, ‘Task-oriented Motor Training’ and ‘Motor Imagery + Task Practice Training’ are the most effective reported interventions for improving motor skills in children with developmental coordination disorder.

This is a repository copy of Feasibility of school-based computer-assisted ReuseUnless indicated otherwise, fulltext items are protected by copyright with all rights reserved. The copyright exception in section 29 of the Copyright, Designs and Patents Act 1988 allows the making of a single copy solely for the purpose of non-commercial research or private study within the limits of fair dealing. The publisher or other rights-holder may allow further reproduction and re-use of this version -refer to the White Rose Research Online record for this item. Where records identify the publisher as the copyright holder, users can verify any specific terms of use on the publisher's website. TakedownIf you consider content in White Rose Research Online to be in breach of UK law, please notify us by emailing eprints@whiterose.ac.uk including the URL of the record and the reason for the withdrawal request. Abstract: Feasibility of school-based computer-assisted robotic gaming technology for upper limb rehabilitation of children with cerebral palsy. IntroductionWe investigated the feasibility of using Computer-Assisted Arm Rehabilitation computer games in schools O preference for single player or dual player mode, and changes in arm activity and kinematics. MethodNine boys and two girls with cerebral palsy (6 12 years, mean 9 years) played assistive technology computer games in single-user mode or with school friends in an AB-BA design. Preference was determined by recording the time spent playing each mode and by qualitative feedback. We used the ABILHAND-kids and Canadian Occupational Performance Measure to evaluate activity limitation, and a portable laptop-based device to capture arm kinematics. ResultsNo difference was recorded between single-user and dual-user modes (median daily use 9.27 versus 11.2 minutes, p = 0.214). Children reported dual-user mode was preferable. There were no changes in activity limitation (ABILHAND-kids, p = 0.424; COPM, p = 0.484) but we found significant improvements in hand speed (p = 0.028), smoothness (p = 0.005) and accuracy (p = 0.007) ConclusionSchool timetables prohibit extensive use of rehabilitation technology but there is potential for its short-term use to supplement a rehabilitation programme. The restricted access to the rehabilitation games was sufficient to improve arm kinematics but not arm activity.

Evidence suggests that children struggle to acquire age-appropriate fundamental movement skills (FMS), despite their importance for facilitating physical activity. This has led to calls for routine school-based screening of children's FMS. However, there is limited research exploring schools' capacity to conduct such assessments. This study investigated what factors might affect the adoption and implementation of FMS assessments in primary schools. School staff (n = 853) completed an online questionnaire developed using the Capability, Opportunity, Motivation and Behavior (COM-B) model. A majority reported that knowledge of pupils' FMS ability would be beneficial (65.3%), and 71.8% would assess FMS if support was provided. Barriers included: Capability -few possessed knowledge of FMS (15%); Opportunity -teachers reported 30-60 minutes as acceptable for assessing a class, a substantially shorter period than current assessments require; Motivation -57.2% stated FMS assessments would increase workload stress. Solutions to these issues are discussed using the COM-B theoretical framework.