Acute psychiatric inpatients (N = 451) in a state hospital were given the Symptom Checklist-90 (SCL-90) as part of the routine admission procedures. Previous factor analytic research with the SCL-90 had focused primarily on outpatients. Principal component factor analysis resulted in nine factors that differ somewhat from factors found in previous research with psychiatric outpatients. Eight of the nine factors were found to be reliable using coefficient alpha. Explanations for differences in factor structure between outpatients and inpatients had to do with differing degrees and kinds of symptoms. One implication of these results is that making judgments about symptom patterns of psychiatric inpatients based on outpatient data is questionable. Future directions of research are suggested.

92 students in an upper level college statistics course were given a number of mathematics anxiety and performance measures. A canonical analysis resulted in one significant canonical factor, labeled Mathematics Efficiency, which explains the relationship between mathematics anxiety and mathematics performance. Variables making the greatest contribution to this high math efficiency factor were mathematics anxiety and attitude toward mathematics. One major implication of these results is that psychologists need to focus on attitude change and anxiety reduction techniques in helping people improve their performance in mathematics. In addition, educators need to design curricula which emphasize the promotion of positive attitudes toward mathematics rather than content alone to facilitate mathematics efficiency.

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A sample of 80 male offenders charged with premeditated murder were divided into five personality types using MMPI scores. A hierarchical clustering procedure was used with a subsequent internal cross-validation analysis using a second sample of 80 premeditated murderers. A Discriminant Analysis resulted in a 96.25% correct classification of subjects from the second sample into the five types. Clinical data from a mental status interview schedule supported the external validity of these types. There were significant differences among the five types in hallucinations, disorientation, hostility, depression, and paranoid thinking. Both similarities and differences of the present typology with prior research was discussed. Additional research questions were suggested.

A multidimensional analysis of the mental health of counselors Unpublished doctoral dissertation, Ohio University, Athens. teractive models.

Personality variables involved in alcohol‐related violence were studied by comparing MMPI scores of four different groups (N = 259): (1) men who committed murder while intoxicated (violent while intoxicated condition); (2) men who committed murder while sober (violent while sober condition); (3) those who were admitted to a psychiatric unit with a nonalcohol and nonviolence related problem (nonviolent and nonintoxicated condition); and (4) those admitted to a detoxification unit with no evidence of violence prior to admission (nonviolent but intoxicated condition). The violent groups were found to be more paranoid but less manic than the nonviolent groups. Men who commit murder while sober tend to be less interpersonally sensitive (low MF scores) but more psychopathic (high PD scores) than those who commit murder while intoxicated. Those who commit murder while intoxicated tend to be less psychologically minded (high L scores) than those who become intoxicated but who do not kill. Suggestions for prevention and treatment of violence and future research directions are proposed in light of these results.

Investigated racial differences in MMPI responding by comparing samples of black and white males charged with murder (N = 160). Mancova was used to control statistically for the effects of intelligence on racial differences. Prior to the use of Mancova blacks had significantly higher scores on F and MA. When the effects of intelligence were controlied F and MA were no longer significantly different for blacks and whites. However, with black and white Ss equated on IQ, significant differences emerged on the K and SI scales. These results indicate that construction of separate black and white norms for violent offenders is premature. More research is needed on variables that affect individual differnces on the MMPI.

Examined a sample of murderers (N = 137) (91 white and 46 black offenders) for racial differences on intelligence (both verbal and nonverbal) and personality measures. Black offenders scored significantly lower than white offenders on both verbal and nonverbal intelligence as well as on the SI scale of the MMPI. However, they scored higher on the MA scale. Overall, the intelligence measures discriminated better between black and white offenders than personality measures. Implications for future research and efforts to develop new norms for the MMPI are discussed.