Racial influences on intelligence and personality measures of people who commit murder

Holcomb, William R.; Adams, Nicholas A.

doi:10.1002/1097-4679(198210)38:4<793::aid-jclp2270380417>3.0.co;2-u

Cited by 9 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 12 publications

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“…For example, Megargee and Bohn () found that men who have been incarcerated for more than 2 years showed elevations in the dimensions Pd , Sc , and Ma of the MMPI. Additionally, intelligence quotient, social status, and occupational status correlations influence the values reached in inmate population personality profiles (Holcomb & Adams, ; Holcomb, Adams, & Ponder, ; McDonald & Paitich, ). Culture and nationality are also sources of variability in the criminal personality (Boscán et al ., ; Catalá‐Miñana, Walker, Bowen, & Lila, ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Characterising the Personality of the Public Safety Offender and Non‐offender using Decision Trees: The Case of Colombia

Masías

Valle

Amar

et al. 2016

Journal Invest Psychology

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The aim of this paper was to create a decision tree (DT) to identify personality profiles of offenders against public safety. A technique meeting this requirement was proposed that uses the C4.5 algorithm to derive decision rules for personality profiling of public safety offenders. The Mini-Mult test was used to measure the personality profiles of 238 individuals. With the test results as our database, a C4.5 DT was applied to construct rules that classify each profile into one of two groups, those without and those with records of offences against public safety. The model correctly classified 80% of the personality profiles and delivered a set of decision rules for distinguishing the profiles by group, and the principal personality profiles were interpreted. We conclude that DTs are a promising technique for analysing personality profiles by their offender or non-offender status. Finally, we believe that the development of a classifying model using DT may have practical applications in the Colombian prison syste

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Characterising the Personality of the Public Safety Offender and Non‐offender using Decision Trees: The Case of Colombia

Masías

Valle

Amar

et al. 2016

Journal Invest Psychology

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“…In studying race, IQ, and the MMPI, Rosenblatt and Pritchard (1978) found Gynther's (1972) black versus white differences only among groups with IQs below 93 on the Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale (WAIS). Similarly, Holcomb and his associates found that the Gynther pattern of racial differences was eliminated when Peabody and Revised Beta IQs were used as covariates (Holcomb & Adams, 1982Holcomb, Adams, & Ponder, 1984). When education level was examined, blacks were found to score higher than whites on Pa and 5c, but only among groups with fewer than 12 years of schooling (Davis, Beck, & Ryan, 1973;Davis & Jones, 1974;Davis, 1975).…”

Section: Mmpi Minority Differences and Moderating Influencesmentioning

confidence: 93%

An examination of differences between native and non-native psychiatric offenders on the MMPI.

Borzecki¹,

Wormith²,

Black³

1988

Canadian Journal of Behavioural Science / Revue canadienne des

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MMPI scores of 57 native and 218 non-native Canadian Prairie psychiatric offenders were compared. In uncontrolled comparisons, considerable cross-cultural profile similarity was observed. Nevertheless, natives displayed significantly higher scores on L, F, and Hs (p < .05), and tended towards significance on Sc (p < .08). Natives scored significantly lower on Mf. Next, separate native and non-native multiple regressions were performed, using the 13 MMPI scales as criterion variables with age, time served, education level, WAIS full scale IQ, and Verbal Comprehension as the predictors. Average /P's of .26 (ns) and .17 (p < .001) were observed for natives and non-natives, respectively. WAIS full scale IQ and education level were the strongest predictors of native and non-native MMPIs, respectively. When controlled MMPI comparisons were made using IQ and education as covariates, the previous differences were erased. Profile similarity was still evident. With covariates, significantly lower native scores were found on Mf, Pa, and Si, while K was significantly higher. The lowered native profile was due primarily to the IQ covariate. It was concluded that the MMPI was valid for use with native offenders where consideration is given to the secondary effects of IQ and the limited influence of culture.The Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory (MMPI) is the most widely used psychological assessment tool in correctional jurisdictions (Gendreau, 1975;Gearing, 1979; National Institute of Corrections, 1985). Concerning the measure's validity, Gearing (1979) reviewed 71 studies of MMPI applications in forensics and concluded that the test provides a reasonable classification of psychopathology among offenders. Frequently, the MMPI is used with other information in selecting an inmate's prison placement, in making a treatment plan, in coming to a parole decision (Elion & Megargee, 1975), and in screening incomingThe views expressed herein are the sole responsibility of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the position of the Solicitor General of Canada or Correctional Service of Canada. The data were collected while the second author was at the Regional Psychiatric Centre (Prairies). Thanks to Tracy Pytlowany, Eric Smith, and Ingrid Draper for assisting with the data collection and to Rod Luciuk for computerizing records. Requests for reprints should be addressed to the second author at Rideau

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“…These findings were similar to some of the differences that have been reported in the way that the Black population scores on the MMPI. For example, there are indications that Black psychiatric patients tend to score higher on the Psychopathic Deviate scale (Davis et al, 1973), the Schizophrenia scale (Butcher et al, 1983;Costello et al, 1973;Costello et al, 1972;Davis et al, 1973;Genther &Graham, 1976;Miller et al, 1968;Miller et al, 1961), and the Hypomania scale (Butcher et al, 1983;Costello et al, 1972;Genther &Graham, 1976;Holcomb & Adams, 1982;Miller er al., 1968;Miller et al, 1961), whereas Blacks may be inclined to obtain a lower score on the Masculinity-Femininity scale (McCreary & Padilla, 1977). Ir would appear that these MMPI scales measure similar characteristics to those mentioned in the previous paragraph as characterizing rhe differences found with the MCMI.…”

Section: )mentioning

confidence: 99%

Racial Bias and the MCMI

Choca¹,

Shanley²,

Peterson³

et al. 1990

Journal of Personality Assessment

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We studied the scores obtained on the Millon Clinical Multiaxial Inventory (MCMI) by Black and White male psychiatric inpatients to determine the presence or absence of racial bias. In predicting psychopathology for the two races, comparisons of MCMI performance indicated significant differences for all diagnoses except the personality disorders. The subjects were then matched into two groups of 209 patients each, according to DSM-III psychiatric diagnoses. The data were analyzed at the item, scale, and structural levels. At the item level, application of the Mantel-Haenszel Procedure revealed that 45 of the 175 items of the inventory were answered significantly different by the two racial groups. Because this number was higher than what could be expected by chance, the finding suggested possible deficiencies in terms of the culture-fairness of the items used in the test. At the scale level, an analysis of variance (ANOVA) demonstrated that the scores obtained by the Black and White groups were significantly different in 9 of the 20 scales (Histrionic, Narcissistic, Antisocial, Paraphrenia, Hypomania, Dysthymia, Alcohol Abuse, Drug Abuse, and Psychotic Delusion). With the exception of the Dysthymic scale, all of the differences were in the direction of the Blacks obtaining a higher score than the Whites. At the structural level, however, a principal components factor analysis performed on each group resulted in factor structures that looked identical.

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Racial influences on intelligence and personality measures of people who commit murder

Cited by 9 publications

References 12 publications

Characterising the Personality of the Public Safety Offender and Non‐offender using Decision Trees: The Case of Colombia

Characterising the Personality of the Public Safety Offender and Non‐offender using Decision Trees: The Case of Colombia

An examination of differences between native and non-native psychiatric offenders on the MMPI.

Racial Bias and the MCMI

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