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This study explored the effects of lotus seedpod oligomeric procyanidins (LSOPC) and their main monomer catechin (CC) on the formation of advanced glycation end products (AGEs) and Caco-2 cytotoxicity during gastrointestinal digestion.

Glycated proteins are the main source of dietary advanced glycation end products (AGEs). Glycated proteins are enzymatically hydrolyzed in the gastrointestinal tract, which releases more absorbable and smaller potentially harmful AGEs. This study investigated the inhibitory effect of catechin on AGE release from glycated bovine serum albumin (G-BSA) during gastrointestinal digestion. Catechin inhibited AGE release during gastrointestinal digestion, especially in the gastric digestion stage. Additionally, catechin altered these peptides in the small intestine by reducing G-BSA digestibility. The proposed mechanism involves interactions between catechin and G-BSA/digestive enzymes, inhibiting digestive enzyme activity and changing the conformation of G-BSA. Catechin reduced G-BSA β-sheet content and protected the helical conformation. Moreover, catechin enhanced the antioxidant capacity of G-BSA, which could attenuate postprandial oxidative stress in the gastrointestinal tract caused by the release of AGEs. This study improves our understanding of the nutritional and health effects of catechin on dietary AGEs during gastrointestinal digestion.

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Catechin, a natural antiglycative agent, was incorporated into fermented vinegar, and has high potential to lower the risk of diabetes.

Pycnoporus sanguineus (Ps) 1 and Candida tropicalis (Ct) can selectively degrade the lignin and hemicellulose in lignocellulosic cells respectively; Ps-Ct mixed fermentation may improve the multiphase reaction performance of lignin in the cell walls. Alkaline nitrobenzene oxidation, ozonation and infrared spectroscopy, which are the in-situ analytical techniques of lignin in the cells, were used to characterize the delignification kinetics, the reactions of the non-condensed, β-O-4 structures and their stereochemistry of lignin in wheat straw in Ps and Ps-Ct fermentations. Results indicated that the biodelignification processes in Ps and Ps-Ct fermentations of wheat straw, being divided into a fast phase and a following slow phase, had the characteristics of a pseudo-first-order reaction in both the phases. The lignin reaction pathways in Ps and Ps-Ct mainly included the cleavage of ring, C α -C β , β-O-4, and the cleavage and polymerization of 5-5´. Compared with Ps fermentation, Ps-Ct fermentation enhanced the 1 ABBREVIATIONS Ps, Pycnoporus sanguineus; Ct, Candida tropicalis 2 biodegradation of condensed, β-O-4 structures and threo β-O-4 structures in the lignin in the fast phase. A proposal scheme of biodelignification by Ps and Ps-Ct is outlined for the first time.These results will be helpful for the understanding and application of lignocellulosic biomass by mixed fermentations.