Previous studies have indicated that overexpression of long noncoding RNA cancer susceptibility 15 (CASC15) may promote tumor development and progression in gastric cancer and hepatocellular carcinoma. However, the function of CASC15 in colon cancer remains unknown. In the present study, the expression of CASC15 was upregulated in colon cancer tissues and its expression was correlated with clinical Tumor‑Node‑Metastasis stage and tumor metastasis. In addition, knockdown of CASC15 significantly inhibited the proliferation, migration and invasion of colon cancer cells in vitro and in vivo. Following mechanistic experiments, CASC15 was observed to act as a sponge to suppress microRNA (miR)‑4310 that targeted LGR5. Through the inhibition of miR‑4310, CASC15 promoted leucine‑rich repeat‑containing G‑protein coupled receptor 5 (LGR5) expression and consequently activated the Wnt/β‑catenin signaling pathway. The results revealed that the inhibition of the Wnt/β‑catenin signaling pathway in CASC15‑overexpressing colon cancer cells suppressed cellular proliferation, migration and invasion. Collectively, these results demonstrated that CASC15 promoted colon cancer growth and metastasis through the activation of the Wnt/β‑catenin signaling pathway in a miR‑4310/LGR5 dependent manner. Thus, the present study suggested that CASC15 may be a therapeutic target for colon cancer treatment.

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Non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) is the leading cause of cancer mortality in the world. We report that one oncogene amplified on chromosome 3q26, LMO1, a master transcriptional regulator of stemness, operates to drive strong growth phenotype in NSCLC. We first validate gene expression changes of LMO genes by real-time quantitative RT-PCR real-time quantitative reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction analysis and immunohistochemistry, and we identified gene overexpression of LMO1 compared with non-cancerous tissues (p < 0.01). Next, we discovered that LMO1 promoted cancer cell proliferation in our in vitro/vivo cell proliferation assay, and our cell signaling experiments showed that LMO1 expression correlated with elevated AKT phosphorylation in NSCLC, while the AKT phosphorylation was required for LMO1's oncogenic effects. In addition, we compared complete response rate, stable disease rate, disease progression rate, and the disease control rate of patient with different LMO1 gene expression which pointed to the usefulness of LMO1 overexpression, as a new predictive marker for responsiveness to cetuximab. All in all, LMO1 is a commonly activated tumor promoter that activates AKT signaling in NSCLC and a new predictive marker for targeted therapy.

Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the third leading cause of cancer mortality in the world. We report that one oncogene amplified on chromosome 3q26, LMO1, a master transcriptional regulator of stemness, operates to drive strong growth phenotype in CRC. The gene expression changes of LMO1 in human CRC tissues compared with noncancerous tissues were detected using real-time quantitative reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (QRT-PCR) analysis and immunohistochemistry, which identified the gene overexpression of LMO1 in CRC. Moreover, we discovered that LMO1 promoted cancer cell proliferation in vitro/in vivo and LMO1 expression correlated with elevated AKT phosphorylation in CRC while the AKT phosphorylation was required for oncogenic effects of LMO1. Next, our data point to the usefulness of LMO1 overexpression, as a new predictive marker for responsiveness to cetuximab. All in all, LMO1 is a commonly activated tumor promoter that activates AKT signaling in CRC and a new predictive marker for targeted therapy.

Breast cancer is the most common cancer in women. Among breast cancer subtypes, triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) has the highest degree of malignancy and the worst prognosis. The Shuganhuazheng formula (SGHZF) is a traditional Chinese herbal formula for the treatment of TNBC, but the mechanism of SGHZF in the treatment of TNBC remains unclear. In this study, the therapeutic effect and mechanism of SGHZF against TNBC were preliminarily determined based on in vivo experimental verification and network pharmacology. In terms of therapeutic effects, the antitumour effect was verified by measuring and calculating tumour volume, and the expression of proto-oncogene c-Myc was verified by PCR. In terms of the mechanism, potential therapeutic targets were identified by overlapping the SGHZF-related and TNBC-related targets. After comprehensively analysing the results of the protein-protein interaction (PPI), gene ontology (GO) function, and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway enrichment analyses, Akt and HIF-1α were selected for verification by using immunohistochemical and Western blot analyses. The results of the study indicated that SGHZF can inhibit breast tumour growth in mice and that the mechanism may be related to the inhibition of Akt and HIF-1α expression.