Nowadays, Herbal cosmetic is growing rapidly as most women prefer natural products rather than chemicals products for their personal care. Herbal cosmetic contains natural nutrients to improve and provide consumers satisfaction due to relatively fewer side effects compared to synthetic cosmetics. Indonesia is one of the biggest supplier’s countries for herbal raw materials in cosmetic products. Many plants are available naturally as well as different uses that can be made as basic ingredients for cosmetic preparations, such as onion dayak bulb, kemuning leaf, pegagan, kecombrang, red betel, pecan, and sweet root. This review aimed to provide information on plants in Indonesia based on the phytochemicals contents that can be formulated into various categories of cosmetic preparations, such as skin care, hair care, anti-aging, skin whitening, and antioxidant.
Background:Recently, emulgel has emerged as a potential hydrophobic drug delivery method. Therefore, this study aims to evaluate the phytochemical content of Oryza sativa extract and develop an emulgel formulation using Carbapol 940 as a gelling agent. Materials and Methods: The emulsion was placed in a gel basis after preparation and the formulations were evaluated for their rheology, pH, spreading coefficient, stability, and sun protection factor. Then, phytochemical analysis of O. sativa extract was used to determine the presence of alkaloids, flavonoids, polyphenols, quinones, monoterpenoids, and sesquiterpenoids, as well as triterpenoids and steroids. Results: The entire formulations of O. sativa emulgel extract filled the emulgel formulation criteria. Furthermore, O. sativa emulgel protects against UV radiation, as indicated by the SPF value in each formulation, which increases as the dose of O. sativa extract increases. Based on the results, formulations 2 and 3 have an SPF of 5.71±0.063 and 16.07±0.072, respectively. These suggest that they both fill the Indonesian National Standard, which requires a sunscreen preparation with a minimum of four protection. Conclusion: Consequently, O. sativa emulgel extract can serve as a novel sunscreen agent against UV radiation. However, further study is required to ascertain the mechanism of action of the active chemicals found in O. sativa that function as an antioxidant and give protection against UV radiation.
Indonesia has the world's country second largest forest biodiversity, with 28,000 plant species, of which 2,500 species, including Castanopsis costata, commonly known as "Cep-cepan", are used as medicine. 9-10 C. costata belongs to the Fagaceae family and has been known to exhibit therapeutic activities, for instance, anti-fever, digestive issue alleviation, and analgesic properties. 11 According to previous studies, C. costata exhibits numerous biological properties, including antioxidant activity, 12 antiinflammatory activity, 13 and antimalaria activity. 10 Furthermore, in North Sumatra, the plant is frequently used to treat diabetes, however, there are no studies confirming this practice. Therefore, this study aims to evaluate the anti-diabetic activity of the extract and fractions of C. costata leaves. MATERIALS AND METHODS Plant material collection and preparationAbout 10 kg of fresh C. costata leaves were collected in Pancur Batu Districts, North Sumatra, and transported to the Central Laboratory, Buana Perjuangan Karawang University for cleaning, air drying, milling, and extraction. The Herbarium Unit of the Department of Biology, Faculty of Mathematics and Science, Universitas Padjadjaran later recognized the plant as C. costata (Code: 219/HB/04/2017). Reagents and instrumentsThis study induced diabetes in Swiss albino mice using alloxan monohydrate (Sigma Chemical
Featured Application: This study highlights a novel application of α-mangostin hydrogel film based chitosan-alginate. α-mangostin has been known as an agent for oral cavity therapy. However, α-mangostin is difficult to be delivered directly to the site. This novel application of hydrogel film-based chitosan-alginate have the potential as carriers of α-mangostin for recurrent aphthous stomatitis therapy.Abstract: Many antiseptic drugs, local anaesthetics, and corticosteroids have been used for effective therapy of recurrent aphthous stomatitis (RAS). However, these drugs have harmful side effects. α-mangostin (α-M), a main compound of mangosteen (Garcinia mangostana L.) peel, has been known as a wound healing agent. In addition, hydrogel film as dressings designed to separate mucosal lesions from the oral environment, and improve the effectiveness of RAS therapy. The purpose of this study was to develop α-M hydrogel film based chitosan-alginate (ChAlg/α-M HF) for RAS. The in silico study by Discovery studio visualizer and AutoDock confirmed that hydrogen bonding between Ch, Alg, and α-M occurred. The results of physicochemical characterizations by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), and X-ray diffraction (XRD) indicated that the ChAlg/α-M HF had a lower crystalline form compared to pure α-M. In addition, ChAlg/α-M HF significantly improved the swelling ratio and tensile strength compared to that of ChAlg HF. Moreover, the existence of Alg increased the degradability of Ch, and closely related to the release of α-M from ChAlg HF. The in vitro release study confirmed that the release of α-M from ChAlg/α-M HF was the Fickian diffusion model. Finally, the mucoadhesive study revealed that ChAlg/α-M HF had a good mucoadhesive property. These results suggest that hydrogel film-based chitosan-alginate have the potential as carriers of α-M for RAS therapy.
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