BackgroundThis study investigated the infant feeding practices of participating mothers who were recruited into a research project aimed at improving the nutritional status of mildly wasted children (< -1.0 to ≥ -1.5 Weight-for-Height Z-scores) aged ≥ 6 to < 60 months on Nias Island, Indonesia.MethodsCross-sectional, questionnaire-based interview of mothers of the index children (n = 215) who were admitted to the community program for mildly wasted children in the study area. Four focus groups and twenty in-depth interviews were conducted to explore further information on infant feeding practices in the study area.ResultsRetrospective results indicated that 6% of the mothers never breastfed. Fifty two percent of mothers initiated breastfeeding within six hours of birth, but 17% discarded colostrum. Exclusive breastfeeding until 6 months of age was practiced by 12%. Seventy-four percent of the mothers offered supplementary liquids besides breast milk within the first 7 days of life, and 14% of infants received these supplementary liquids from 7 days onwards until 6 months of age. Moreover, 79% of the infants were given complementary foods (solid, semi-solid, or soft foods) before 6 months of age. About 9% of the children were breastfed at least two years. Less than one in five of the mildly wasted children (19%) were breastfed on admission to the community program. Qualitative assessments found that inappropriate infant feeding practices were strongly influenced by traditional beliefs of the mothers and paternal grandmothers in the study areas.ConclusionGenerally, suboptimal infant feeding was widely practiced among mothers of mildly wasted children in the study area on Nias Island, Indonesia. To promote breastfeeding practices among mothers on Nias Island, appropriate nutrition training for community workers and health-nutrition officers is needed to improve relevant counseling skills. In addition, encouraging public nutrition education that promotes breastfeeding, taking into account social-cultural factors such as the influence of paternal grandmothers on infant feeding practice, is needed.

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In comparison with NNE, the INE approach was significantly better in bringing about a positive change in knowledge and practice of caregivers of mildly wasted children in the study area.

AbstrakSiswa sekolah dasar merupakan kelompok yang rentan terhadap keracunan makanan. Metode ceramah merupakan metode sederhana dan sering digunakan dalam pendidikan gizi, tetapi responden cenderung pasif, sedangkan metode Team Game Tournament (TGT) merupakan metode berbasis permainan menarik dan disukai anak SD. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah mengetahui perbedaan niat dan perilaku pemilihan jajanan sehat pada siswa kelas 5 SDN Tumpakrejo 1 dan 2 menggunakan metode ceramah dan metode TGT. Desain penelitian yang digunakan adalah quasy experimental study dengan pre-test and post-test design. Jumlah sampel adalah 42 orang, yang diambil dengan cara total sampling yaitu memilih seluruh siswa kelas 5B SDN Tumpakrejo 1 sebagai kelompok TGT dan seluruh siswa kelas 5 SDN Tumpakrejo 2 sebagai kelompok ceramah. Variabel yang diteliti adalah niat, perilaku di sekolah dan rumah terkait pemilihan jajanan pada kedua kelompok berdasarkan pengukuran sebelum dan sesudah perlakuan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa terdapat peningkatan niat yang signifikan pada kedua kelompok (p<0,05) tetapi tidak ada perbedaan niat yang signifikan antara kedua kelompok setelah diberi pendidikan gizi. Perilaku di sekolah menunjukkan adanya perbedaan yang signifikan pada kedua kelompok dan juga antara kedua kelompok setelah diberi pendidikan gizi. Tidak terdapat perbedaan perilaku di rumah yang signifikan pada kedua kelompok dan juga antara kedua kelompok setelah diberi pendidikan gizi. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian dapat disimpulkan bahwa metode ceramah lebih baik dalam meningkatkan niat, sedangkan TGT lebih baik dalam meningkatkan perilaku di sekolah walaupun kedua metode tersebut cukup efektif meningkatkan niat dan perilaku di sekolah. Namun kedua metode kurang efektif dalam meningkatkan perilaku jajanan di rumah. Kata Kunci: pendidikan gizi, niat, perilaku, jajanan OPEN ACCESS 23

The daily programs achieved better results for the implementing organization than the weekly programs; however, the weekly programs were preferred by the community because of the lower time constraints and the lower opportunity cost of time. The willingness of community and household members to invest their time in more intensive activities in the daily programs led to better program outcomes.

Central Java province plays the main role in the production of food for national stocks in Indonesia, in which Demak is one of the 35 Regencies. Demak Regency had the sixth highest rice productivity in 2013, but at the same time, the seventh highest percentage of child malnutrition. This paradox between high rice productivity and low nutritional status of children triggered an interest in analyzing the correlations between agricultural production of households in the Demak Regency and the prevalence of stunting of children underfive. In December 2014 to February 2015, a cross-sectional survey was carried out in three sub-districts in Demak (Karanganyar, Dempet and Gajah) having the highest rice production and at the same time poor nutritional status of under-five children. The oldest under-five children from farmer family backgrounds were selected. Data on general characteristics, anthropometry of the children, as well as household socio-economics, including agricultural characteristics were obtained. Of the 335 children, 31.9% of them were stunted. A higher proportion of households that grew rice solely or mainly for own consumption (62.4%) and had significantly smaller sized ricefields (p = 0.041) had stunted rather than non-stunted children. In total, rice production, farm income and agriculture diversity of families with non-stunted children were not significantly different from those of stunted children. However, yearly expenditure for improving family health and environmental conditions were significantly higher among non-stunted than stunted children (p = 0.044). Family decisions about what to spend money on also seemed to influence the nutritional status of the children, rather than nutritional diversity or revenue from agriculture itself. Therefore, improvement of agricultural production and diversity should be accompanied by education on household expenditure.

Purpose This paper aims to investigate breastfeeding and complementary feeding practices among children less than five years old and living in a rice surplus area in Demak Regency, Central Java. Design/methodology/approach From December 2014 to February 2015, a cross-sectional survey was carried out in Demak, which had a high proportion of undernourished children despite high rice production. In total, 384 mothers having children below five years old from farmer family background were interviewed using a structured questionnaire about sociodemographic parameters and child feeding practices. Food habits were also investigated among these women during two focus group discussions in two selected sub-districts. Findings Only 10.9 per cent of the children were exclusively breastfed for six months. About 60 per cent of the mothers practiced supplementary feeding in addition to breastfeeding and started complementary feeding too early. Duration of exclusive breastfeeding practice and child’s age at onset of complementary feeding were positively correlated (p = 0.04). The main reasons of supplementary feeding and too early introduction of complementary food were based on the elderly women’s opinions, and the very short duration of maternity leave for employed mothers. Mothers with a low education level had a higher chance of not reaching the optimum score of complementary feeding practices (p = 0.012). Originality/value Despite a high level of food security in the project area, inadequate knowledge of young child feeding practices has contributed to sub-optimal breastfeeding practices. Higher educated women were more likely to follow optimal complementary feeding practices. Therefore, promotion of breastfeeding and complementary feeding practices targeting all key actors should be implemented in the study area to prevent undernutrition among infants.

Masa 1000 hari pertama kehidupan (HPK) merupakan masa terpenting dalam daur kehidupan manusia. Status gizi pada 1000 HPK akan memengaruhi kualitas kesehatan, intelektual, dan produktivitas pada masa yang akan datang. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengkaji gambaran status gizi pada 1000 HPK di wilayah Kota dan Kabupaten Malang. Penelitian ini menganalisis database dan laporan kegiatan survei gizi (Pre Dietetics Internship, Program Studi Ilmu Gizi-Universitas Brawijaya) di wilayah Kota dan Kabupaten Malang dalam kurun waktu Februari 2012-Februari 2016 dengan sasaran ibu hamil (n 777), ibu menyusui (n 718), bayi (n 638), dan baduta (n 554). Status gizi diukur menggunakan metode antropometri, indikator status gizi ibu hamil: IMT sebelum hamil, LILA dan peningkatan BB/minggu; ibu menyusui: IMT dan LILA; bayi dan baduta: z-score BB/PB, PB/U dan BB/U berdasarkan standar WHO 2005. Asupan zat gizi diperoleh melalui metode recall 24 jam. Pola pemberian ASI, MP ASI dan faktor yang memengaruhi status gizi dikaji menggunakan kuesioner terstruktur. Seluruh data disajikan dalam statistik deskriptif. Hasil menunjukkan bahwa prevalensi masalah gizi pada subjek ibu hamil, menyusui, bayi, dan baduta masih tergolong tinggi dan sedang. Sebanyak 18,9% ibu hamil kurus dan 30,3% gemuk di awal kehamilan, serta penambahan BB/minggu kurang = 49,3%. Status gizi kurang pada ibu menyusui=8,4%. Kurus dan pendek termasuk kategori "masalah sedang" pada bayi dan baduta (kurus: 7,5% vs. 7,8%; pendek: 21,0% vs. 21,2%). Persentase pemberian ASI termasuk tinggi (94,4%), namun pemberian prelakteal dan MP ASI dini tinggi (52,8% dan 66,5%), dan ASI Eksklusif rendah (28,8%). Masalah gizi di Kota dan Kabupaten Malang masih merupakan tantangan untuk diatasi. Kata Kunci: status gizi, ibu hamil, ibu menyusui, baduta, ASI Eksklusif