Indonesia merupakan negara tropis dengan dua musim yaitu musim kemarau dan musim penghujan. Dimusim penghujan merupakan waktu untuk penyebaran penyakit demam berdarah dengue (DBD) oleh nyamuk Aedes aegypti. Kecombrang sudah lama digunakan sebagai bahan pangan dan bahan obat. Bagian bunga, daun, batang, dan rimpang kcombrang mengandung senyawa alkaloid, saponin, tanin, fenolik, flavonoid, triterpenoid, steroid, dan glikosida. Daun beluntas mengandung tannin dan alkaloid, selain itu juga mengandung flavonoid, fenol, saponin, dan minyak atsiri. Tujuan penelitian ini ialah untuk mengetahui efektvitas ekstrak daun kecombrang (Etlingera elatior) dan daun beluntas (Pluchea indica) sebagai biolarvasida terhadap larva nyamuk A.aegypti. Manfaat dari penelitian ini yaitu dapat mengetahui potensi dari ekstrak etanol daun kecombrang dan daun beluntas sebagai biolarvasida untuk A.aegypti. Penelitian ini diharapkan dapat digunakan sebagai sumber pengetahun dari daun kecombrang dan daun beluntas sebagai bahan biolarvasida. Bahan yang digunakan menggunakan air sumur, daun kecombrang, daun beluntas, larva nyamuk A.aegypti, dan ethanol 96%. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian eksperimental dengan menggunakan rancangan acak lengkap (RAL) dengan tujuh perlakuan dan ulangan sebanyak empat kali. Pengamatan dilakukan setelah 24 jam dengan cara menghitung larva yang mati dan dinyatakan dalam persen kematian. Selanjutnya hasil dianalisis menggunakan analisis probit untuk mengetahui nilai LC50. Hasil dari penelitian ini yaitu ekstrak daun kecombrang (E.elatior) dan daun beluntas (P.indica) positif mengandung alkaloid, flavonoid, terpenoid/steroid, dan tannin serta negatif mengandung saponin. Kesimpulan dari penelitian ini yaitu kombinasi dari kedua ekstrak ini memiliki potensi sebagai biolarvasida dengan nilai LC50 sebesar 910 ppm.
Acmella uliginosa is an important medicinal plant, it is found in tropical and subtropical countries especially Indonesia, India and South America. This plant known as a toothache plant which is usually used to reduce pain associated with toothache. Various extracts and active metabolites from various parts of this plant have beneficial pharmacological activities. Several studies show Acmella Uliginosa has pharmacological activities such as antimicrobial, antipyretic, antioxidant, and anti-inflammatory. This review in detail describes the traditional uses, phytochemicals, pharmacology, toxicology and development of analogues of the active constituents of this plant. This review will help researchers to find scientific information in the future. Acmella Uliginosa adalah tanaman obat penting, ditemukan di negara-negara tropis dan subtropis terutama Indonesia, India dan Amerika Selatan. Tanaman ini dikenal sebagai tanaman sakit gigi yang biasanya digunkan untuk mengurangi rasa sakit yang berhubungan dengan sakit gigi. Bermacam-macam ekstrak dan metabolit aktif dari berbagai bagian tanaman ini memiliki aktivitas farmakologis yang bermanfaat. Beberapa penelitian menyebutkan Acmella Uliginosa memiliki aktivitas farmakologi seperti antimikroba, antipiretik, antioksidan, dan antiinflamasi. Ulasan ini secara rinci menggambarkan penggunaan tradisional, fitokimia, farmakologi, toksikologi dan perkembangan analog dari konstituen aktiv tanaman ini. Review ini akan membantu peneliti untuk mencari informasi ilmiah di masa depan.
Typhoid fever is an infectious disease among humans caused by the bacterium Salmonella typhi. With the high Multi-Drug Resistance (MDR) of Salmonella typhi, selecting the right antibiotic is a factor that must be considered in addition to cost constraints. Therefore, cost-effectiveness is needed. This study aims to determine the cost-effectiveness of typhoid fever patients using ceftriaxone and cefixime antibiotics. The data used are retrospective, and the sampling was done by purposive sampling. This study was conducted at Berkah Pandeglang Regional Hospital. Sample in this study, namely typhoid fever patients of the period 2020-2021, who meet the inclusion and exclusion criteria. In this study, 16 samples were obtained. The results of this study showed that the total average direct medical costs for the ceftriaxone group were IDR 78.632.500 In contrast, the cefixime group was IDR 75.527.300. The ACER value of typhoid fever patients who used Ceftriaxone + cefixime was IDR 91,646.27, Ceftriaxone was IDR 77,463.89, and cefixime was IDR 88,027.15. The patients with typhoid fever who used Ceftriaxone were more cost-effective than those who used Cefixime
Caries and dental plaque are oral and dental problems. Green spinach (Amaranthus hybridus L.) can be used as medicine and has antibacterial activity. It also benefits human health and is a nutrition source. The phytochemical results of the leaf extract showed that A. hybridus L. contains alkaloids, flavonoids, steroids, saponins, and tannins. This study aimed to determine the inhibitory action of A. hybridus L. leaf extract against the growth of Streptococcus mutans and to formulate A. hybridus L. leaf extract in a mouthwash. The disk diffusion method and brain heart infusion agar medium were used in this study, with five treatment groups: extract concentrations of 25%, 50%, and 100%, positive and negative control were studied. Physical tests, including organoleptic, pH, and viscosity tests, were performed. The pH of A. hybridus L. leaf extract in the mouthwash was 4.80, with a viscosity of 1.2456–1.378 cP. The inhibition zones of antibacterial activity against S. mutans in the extract concentrations of 25%, 50%, and 100% were 1.13, 1.73, and 2.90 mm, respectively. The ethyl acetate extract of A. hybridus L. leaves in mouthwash displayed antibacterial activity against S. mutans, with an average inhibition zone of 0.57 mm. The mouthwash formulation produced an inhibition zone with an average F1 of 0.57 mm and F2 of 1.67 mm.
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