This research aims to understand the condition of coral reef (life coral), the abundance of reef target fishes, and the corellation between those two variables. This research has been conducted in Tinabo Besar Island with 6 sampling stations in 5-6 meter depth. Data collected are substrate cover precentage (life form), and the number of reef target fish appeared from 7 specified families (Serranidae, Lutjanidae, Haemulidae, Lethrinidae, Scaridae, Siganidae, and Acanthuridae) using Underwater Photo Transect (UPT) and Underwater Visual Census (UVC). Substrate cover analyzed using CPCe software with life coral, dead coral, algae, abiotic, and other biota cover output. Mortality Index (MI) obtained from the ratio of life coral and dead coral. The result shows that percentage of life coral coverlie between 11.87% to 38.80%, with dominance of Coral Masive (CM). It’s mean that the coral reef condition is in poor to moderate category. Coral death ratio is low with MI between 0.15 to 0.30. Reef target fish total abundance is 493 individual/2100m2 from 31 species, with dominance from Lutjanidae family (173 individual). The result shows positive and strong enough correlation between coral reef coverage and reef target fish abundance (r=0.65) with Determinantion Coefficient at 42.55%. Linear regression is y=-12.929+3.7562x, where in every addition of coral reef cover percentage, resulted in addition of 4 fishes.Keyword: life coral, abundance, reef target fish, correlation, Tinabo Besar Island
Thrips are widely reported as pests in vegetable crops. However, the existence of Phlaeothripidae members has a less concern in Indonesia. Phlaeothripidae is the only family of Tubulifera Suborder and some reports suggested that they had potential to be pests in several crops due to their ability to roll up and to make galls on leaves. The first step in pest management attempt is to identify the pest accurately and quickly, so the pest management can be on target and more efficient. One of the identification methods is the molecular identification using DNA barcoding techniques. This study aimed to characterize and to compare species thrips in banyan, nutmeg, and marine seruni based on their molecular characteristics. This research was conducted in Bogor and Kuningan. The process of molecular characterization consisteds of four steps DNA total extraction, amplification by using PCR, COI gene sequence, and data analysis. PCR programme was succesfully to amplified mt-COI gene fragment at 710 bp. The length of mtCOI gene of Gynaikothrips uzeli, Haplothrips ganglbaueri, and Pseudophilothrips ichini were 704, 686, and 702 bp dominated by A and T bases with nucleotide variation value of 27.8%. This results confirmed that molecular characterization using mtCOI gene mitochondrial had successfully supported the morphological data.
ABSTRAKGenus Thrips adalah genus kedua terbesar Ordo Thysanoptera yang sebagian besar anggotanya bersifat polifag dan beberapa spesies merupakan hama serius pada tanaman sayuran. Kerusakan yang ditimbulkan oleh trips dapat menyebabkan kehilangan hasil 30-50%. Thrips alliorum (Priesner), T. hawaiiensis (Morgan), dan T. parvispinus (Karny) banyak dilaporkan menjadi hama pada pertanaman terutama pertanaman hortikultura. Penggunaan karakter molekuler, seperti runutan DNA fragmen gen Cytochrome Oxydase I mitokondria (mtCOI) dapat digunakan untuk identifikasi spesies atau konfirmasi hasil identifikasi dengan menggunakan karakter morfologi. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah mengidentifikasi T. alliorum, T. hawaiiensis, dan T. parvispinus berdasarkan runutan DNA fragmen gen mtCOI. Identifikasi molekular dilakukan melalui tiga tahap, yaitu koleksi sampel dan isolasi DNA, amplifikasi DNA menggunakan polimerase chain reaction (PCR), dan analisis hasil runutan DNA. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa runutan DNA fragmen mtCOI T. alliorum, T. hawaiiensis, dan T. parvispinus memiliki panjang basa 678, 690, dan 668 pb yang didominasi oleh basa A dan T dengan nilai variasi nukleotida sebesar 25,18%. Identifikasi tiga spesies trips T. alliorum, T. hawaiiensis, dan T. parvispinus berdasarkan runutan DNA fragmen mtCOI menunjukkan hasil yang sama dengan identifikasi berdasarkan karakter morfologi. Kata kunci: COI, hama, mitokondria, sekuen, taksonomi ABSTRACTThrips is the second largest genus on the order of Thysanoptera, most of them are polyphagous and some species are serious pests on vegetables. The damages caused by thrips can reach 30-50% yield loss. Thrips alliorum (Priesner), T. hawaiiensis (Morgan), and T. parvispinus (Karny) are widely reported as pests on crops, especially on horticulture. This study aimed to identify three trhips species: Thrips alliorum, T. hawaiiensis, and T. parvispinus based on the DNA sequences of mtCOI gene fragment. Thrips samples were collected from Bandung, Bogor, Cianjur, and Kuningan districts. Three steps, they were sample collection and DNA total extraction, amplification by using PCR and DNA sequence analysis. The PCR succesfully amplified DNA of mtCOI gene fragments of T. alliorum, T. hawaiiensis, and T. parvispinus at 678, 690, and 668 bp respectively. The mtCOI DNA sequences were dominated by A and T bases with the nucleotide variation value of 25.18%. Identification of the three thrips species: T. alliorum, T. hawaiiensis, and T. parvispinus based on molecular characters using mtCOI DNA sequences confirmed the identification result based on the morphological caharacters.
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