In this work, HUVECs were mock infected or infected with HTNV for 3 days. Total RNA of the cells were analyzed by RNA-seq and obtained circRNA, miRNA, mRNA library. Differentially expressed (DE) RNAs were identified and subjected to GO analysis, KEGG analysis and ceRNA network construction. Then 8 DE circRNAs, 8 DE mRNAs, 6 DE miRNAs were verified by RT-qPCR. Besides, mRNAs (CMPK2, PARP10, GBP1, and RIG-I), circRNAs (circ_0000479), miRNAs (miR-149-5p, miR-411-3p, and miR-330-5p) in the ceRNA network were found effective to inhibit or promote virus replication. And the circ_0000479-miR-149-5p-RIG-I ceRNA axis was verified in HTNV infection.

This study investigated the cecal microbiota and serum metabolite profile of chickens fed with plant essential oils (PEO) or virginiamycin (VIRG) using high-throughput 16S rRNA gene sequencing and untargeted metabolomics approach. the main aim of this work was to explore the biochemical mechanisms involved in the improved growth performance of antibiotics and their alternatives in animal production. The results showed that both PEO and VIRG treatment significantly increased the relative abundance of phyla Bacteroidetes and decreased the abundance of phyla firmicutes and genus of Lactobacillus in cecal microbiota of chickens. compared to the control group (ct group), the relative abundance of genus of Alistipes, unclassified Rikenellaceae, Roseburia, and Anaeroplasma was enriched in the peo group; that of genus Bacteroides, Lachnospiraceae, and unclassified Enterobacteriaceae was enriched in the cecal microbiota of the ViRG group. Untargeted metabolomics analyses revealed that the PEO treatment modified 102 metabolites and 3 KEGG pathways (primary bile acid biosynthesis and phenylalanine metabolism) in the cecal microbiota, and 81 metabolites and relevant KEGG pathways (fructose and mannose metabolism, biosynthesis of unsaturated fatty acids, and linoleic acid.) in the serum of the chicken. Compared to the CT group, VIRG treatment group differed 217 metabolites and 10 KEGG pathways in cecal contents and 142 metabolites and 7 KEGG pathways in serum of chickens. pearson's correlation analysis showed that phyla Bacteroidetes and genus of Bacteroides, Alistipes, and unclassified Rikenellaceae (in the VIRG and PE group) were positively correlated with many lipid metabolites. However, phyla firmicutes and genera Lactobacillus (higher in the ct group) were negatively correlated with the lipid and thymine metabolism, and positively correlated with hydroxyisocaproic acid, cytosine, and taurine. this study shows that dietary supplementation with peo and VIRG altered the composition and metabolism profile of the cecal microbiota, modified the serum metabolism profile. The intestinal microbiota, the population of microorganisms that inhabit the intestine, plays an important role in the intestinal morphology, immunity, nutrient digestion and absorption, and host health 1-3. Many studies have demonstrated that intestinal microbiota participates in many metabolic pathways, such as lipid metabolism and amino acid synthesis 4,5. The mechanism by which PEO promote growth of may be alter gut microflora and hence improved absorption of nutrients 6 , increase absorption of micronutrients in the small intestine 7 and reducing the deleterious effects of the microbial metabolites 8-10. There are many alternatives to antibiotics, such as acidifiers, probiotics, oligosaccharides, and plant extracts, which play a growth promoting role by regulating gut microbes in pig and poultry 11. Plant essential oils (PEO), which can be extracted from plants by steam distillation, extrusion, or solvent extraction 12,13 , serve as alternatives for antibi...

In this study, the effects of plant extracts (PEs) and virginiamycin (VIRG) on broiler growth performance, as well as on host intestinal microbiota composition and function were investigated. A total of 288 one-day-old male Cobb broiler chickens were randomly divided into four treatment groups (with six replicates per group). The duodenal, ileal, and cecal content of six broilers per treatment group after 14 and 28 days of treatment were sampled. This material was used for high-throughput Illumina sequencing of the V3–V4 region of the 16S rRNA gene. The results showed that chickens fed 400 mg/kg plant extracts (HPE group) had significantly higher average body weights at day 28 as compared to the control group (CT; P < 0.05), and lower feed-to-meat ratios over days 15–42 ( P < 0.01). Within the HPE group at day 14, the relative abundances of two bacterial phyla and 10 bacterial genera increased significantly in the ileal microbiota, and the relative abundance of three bacterial phyla and four bacterial genera decreased. The relative abundance of the genus Lactobacillus in the cecal microbiota decreased from 21.48% (CT group) to 8.41% (fed 200 mg/kg PEs; LPE group), 4.2% (HPE group), and 6.58% (fed 30 mg/kg virginiamycin; VIRG group) after 28 days. In contrast, Faecalibacterium and unclassified Rikenellaceae increased in abundance in the HPE group (from 18 to 28.46% and from 10.83 to 27.63%, respectively), while Bacteroides (36.7%) and Lachnospiraceae increased in abundance in the VIRG group. PICRUSt function analysis showed that the ileal microbiota of the PE treatment groups were more enriched in genes related to the meolism of cofactors and vitamins. In addition, the cecal microbiotas of the LPE and HPE groups were enriched in genes predicted to encode enzymes within 15 and 20 pathways, respectively. These pathways included protein digestion and absorption, amino acid metabolism, lipid biosynthesis, lipopolysaccharide biosynthesis, the citrate cycle (TCA cycle), and lipoic acid metabolism. Similarly, the VIRG group was enriched in 55 metabolic pathways (17 in the duodenum, 18 in the ileum, and 20 in the cecum) on day 28 ( P < 0.05). Thus, the results indicated that the observed increase in broiler growth performance after PE or VIRG supplementation might be attributed to an improvement in intestinal microbial composition and metabolic function.

Heat shock proteins (Hsps) play important roles in the environmental adaptation of various organisms. To explore the functions of Hsps in relation to heat stress and development in Cotesia vestalis, a solitary larval endoparasitoid of Plutella xylostella, four heat shock protein genes, CvHsp40, CvHsc70, CvHsp70 and CvHsp90, were cloned and sequenced from C. vestalis by real-time quantitative PCR and RACE. The cDNA sequence of CvHsp40, CvHsc70, CvHsp70 and CvHsp90 were 1473 bp, 2316 bp, 2279 bp and 2663 bp long, which encode proteins with calculated molecular weights (MW) of 39.1 kDa, 71.2 kDa, 70.1 kDa and 83.3 kDa, respectively. Furthermore, the analysis of genomic DNA confirmed that no introns existed in CvHsp40, CvHsp70 and CvHsp90 while two introns were present in CvHsc70. The amino acid sequence analysis of CvHsps indicated that CvHsp40 is a Type II Hsp40 homolog, CvHsp70 and CvHsc70 are the eukaryotic cytoplasmic Hsp70s, and CvHsp90 is the β-isoform of Hsp90. The divergent transcriptional patterns of CvHsp40, CvHsp70 and CvHsp90 in the different developmental stages suggested that CvHsp transcripts were under different mechanisms of regulation during the development of parasitoid larvae. The dramatic increase of transcripts of CvHsp70 at the third-instar larva coincided with its developmental change in this stage, that is, from inside host to outside host. CvHsp40, CvHsc70 and CvHsp70 showed a trend of sex-specific differences of transcript abundance in the adult stage. All CvHsp transcripts in different developmental stages were significantly induced by heat stress, and the lowest transcript abundances appeared around the temperature 27°C, which probably suggest that this is the most favorable temperature for the development of C. vestalis. Our results suggest that the expression of heat shock proteins reflects to some extent the developmental changes and environmental requirements of insects.

BackgroundImpaired wound healing frequently occurs in diabetes mellitus (DM) and is implicated in impaired angiogenesis. Long non-coding RNA (lncRNA) H19 has been reported as being reduced in DM and played a critical role in inducing angiogenesis. Thus, we hypothesized that H19 may affect impaired wound healing in streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetic mice transfused with autologous blood preserved in standard preservative fluid or modified preservative fluid.MethodsFibroblasts in injured skin were isolated and cultured in vitro. After location of H19 in fibroblasts using fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH), RNA-pull down, RNA immunoprecipitation (RIP), chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP), Co immunoprecipitation (COIP) and dual luciferase reporter gene assay were used to verify the binding of H19 to HIF-1α.ResultsThe modified preservative fluid preserved autologous blood increased the H19 expression in fibroblasts, and maintained better oxygen-carrying and oxygen release capacities as well as coagulation function. Furthermore, H19 promoted HIF-1α histone H3K4me3 methylation and increased HIF-1α expression by recruiting EZH2. H19 promoted fibroblast activation by activating HIF-1α signaling pathway in fibroblasts and enhanced wound healing in diabetic mice.ConclusionsTaken together, H19 accelerated fibroblast activation by recruiting EZH2-mediated histone methylation and modulating the HIF-1α signaling pathway, whereby augmenting the process of modified preservative fluid preserved autologous blood enhancing the postoperative wound healing in diabetic mice.

Although steady improvements to chemotherapeutic treatments has helped cure 80% of childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) cases, chemotherapy has proven to be less effective in treating the majority of adult patients, leaving allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (allo-HSCT) as the primary adult treatment option. Nevertheless relapse are the leading cause of death following allo-HSCT. The genetic pathogenesis of relapse following allo-HSCT in Philadelphia chromosome- negative ALL (Ph− ALL) remains unexplored. We performed longitudinal whole-exome sequencing analysis in three adult patients with Ph− B-cell ALL (Ph− B-ALL) on samples collected from diagnosis to relapse after allo-HSCT. Based on these data, we performed target gene sequencing on 23 selected genes in 58 adult patients undergoing allo-HSCT with Ph− B-ALL. Our results revealed a significant enrichment of mutations in epigenetic regulators from relapsed samples, with recurrent somatic mutations in SETD2, CREBBP, KDM6A and NR3C1. The relapsed samples were also enriched in signaling factor mutations, including KRAS, PTPN21, MYC and USP54. Furthermore, we are the first to reveal the clonal evolution patterns during leukemia relapse after allo-HSCT. Cells present in relapsed specimens were genetically related to the diagnosed tumor, these cells therefore arose from either an existing subclone that was not eradicated by allo-HSCT therapy, or from the same progenitor that acquired new mutations. In some cases, however, it is possible that leukemia recurrence following allo-HSCT could result from a secondary malignancy with a distinct set of mutations. We identified novel genetic causes of leukemia relapse after allo-HSCT using the largest generated data set to date from adult patients with Ph− B-ALL.

Impaired wound healing is a debilitating complication of diabetes. The long non-coding RNA (lncRNA) metastasis-associated lung adenocarcinoma transcript 1 (MALAT1) has been recognized to be differentially expressed in various diseases. However, its underlying mechanism in diabetes has not been fully understood. Notably, we aim to examine the expression of MALAT1 in diabetic mice and its role in wound healing involving the hypoxia-inducible factor-1α (HIF-1α) signaling pathway with a modified autologous blood preservative solution reported. A mouse model of diabetes was established. MALAT1 was identified to promote the activation of the HIF-1α signaling pathway and to be enriched in autologous blood through modified preservation, which might facilitate the improvement of physiological function of blood cells. Through gain- or loss-of-function approaches, viability of fibroblasts cultured in high glucose, wound healing of mice, and collagen expression in wound areas were enhanced by MALAT1 and HIF-1α. Taken together, the present study demonstrated that the physiological status of mouse blood was effectively improved by modified autologous blood preservation, which exhibited upregulated MALAT1, thereby accelerating the fibroblast activation and wound healing in diabetic mice via the activation of the HIF-1α signaling pathway. The upregulation of MALAT1 activating the HIF-1α signaling pathway provides a novel insight into drug targets against diabetes.

BackgroundDNA methyltransferase 3A (DNMT3A) mutations were considered to be independently associated with unfavorable prognosis in adults with de novo acute myeloid leukemia (AML), however, there are still debates on this topic. Here, we aim to further investigate the association between DNMT3A mutations and prognosis of patients with AML.MethodsEligible studies were identified from several data bases including PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, ClinicalTrials and the Cochrane Library (up to June 2013). The primary endpoint was overall survival (OS), while relapse-free survival (RFS) and event-free survival (EFS) were chosen as secondary endpoints. If possible, we would pool estimate effects (hazard ratio [HR] with 95% confidence interval[CI]) of outcomes in random and fixed effects models respectively.ResultsThat twelve cohort studies with 6377 patients exploring the potential significance of DNMT3A mutations on prognosis were included. Patients with DNMT3A mutations had slightly shorter OS (HR = 1.60; 95% CI, 1.31–1.95; P<0.001), as compared to wild-type carriers. Among the patients younger than 60 years of age, DNMT3A mutations predicted a worse OS (HR = 1.84; 95% CI, 1.36–2.50; P<0.001). In addition, mutant DNMT3A predicted inferior OS (HR = 2.30; 95% CI, 1.78–2.97; P = 0.862) in patients with unfavorable genotype abnormalities. Similar results were also found in some other subgroups. However, no significant prognostic value was found on OS (HR = 1.40; 95% CI, 0.98–1.99; P = 0.798) in the favorable genotype subgroup. Similar results were found on RFS and EFS under different conditions.ConclusionsDNMT3A mutations have slightly but significantly poor prognostic impact on OS, RFS and EFS of adults with de novo AML in total population and some specific subgroups.