Prolonged drought which is occurred everywhere around the world has caused water shortages, leading many countries to consider more sustainable practices which are called Source Management Practices (SMPs) to ensure water availability for the future. SMPs include the practices of water use reduction, potable water substitution and wastewater volume reduction such as water demand management, rainwater harvesting, greywater recycling and sewer mining. Besides the well known advantages from SMPs, however they also contribute to the alteration of wastewater characteristics which finally affecting the process in downstream infrastructure such as sewerage networks. Several studies have shown that the implementation of SMPs decreases the wastewater flow, whilst increasing its strength. High strength wastewater can cause sewer problems such as sewer blockage, odour and corrosion. Yet, not all SMPs and their impact on existing sewer networks have been investigated. Therefore, this study reviews some examples of four common SMPs, the wastewater characteristics and the physical and biochemical transformation processes in sewer and the problems that might caused by them and at last, the potential impacts of those SMPs on wastewater characteristics and sewer networks are discussed. This paper provides sewer system managers with an overview of potential impacts on the sewer network due to the implementation of some SMPs. Potential research opportunities for the impact of SMPs on existing sewers are also identified.

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Produksi sampah plastik di Indonesia mencapai 5.4 juta ton per tahun. Berdasarkan data statistik persampahan domestik Indonesia jumlah sampah plastik tersebut sebesar 14% dari total produksi sampah di Indonesia. Pemanfaatan sampah plastik telah dilakukan dengan cara membuat kerajinan, aspal, dan berbagai produk lainnya. Namun penggunaan plastik untuk produk kerajinan tidak menyelesaikan masalah karena pada satu saat produk tersebut akan rusak dan kembali lagi menjadi sampah. Maka dari itu di perlukan suatu teknologi yang dapat mengubah plastik menjadi produk yang berumur lama sehingga tidak kembali menjadi sampah dalam waktu yang singkat. Penggunaan sampah plastik untuk paving block merupakan salah satu solusi untuk mendaya gunakan plastik dalam jangka waktu yang lama. Demikian juga dengan penggunaan sampah dari botol plasti menjadi eco-brick. Pemberdayaan masyarakat untuk mengolah sampah plastik menjadi sesuatu yang berguna dalam jangka waktu yang lama adalah salah satu kunci keberhasilan program daur ulang limbah plastik. Maka dari itu dilakukan pelatihan dan pendampingan masyarakat dalam memanfaatkan sampah plastik sehingga menjadi sesuatu yang berguna. Dari hasil kegiatan ini warga kampung Tulung khususnya RW 2 mampu mempraktekkan pembuatan paving block dan eco-bricks. Selanjutnya Ecobricks ini akan digunakan untuk pembangunan fasilitas-fasilitas ruang publik dan ruang terbuka hijau. Sedangkan Pembuatan paving berbahan plastik akan ditindak lanjuti dengan melakukan konsultasi dengan Dinas Perindustrian Kota Magelang.

The growth of urbanization, industrialization, and economic development in many areas in Indonesia contributes to the rise of particulate matter (PM) in the atmosphere. PM is strongly correlated with the severe air pollution that can lead to several health problems and early mortality. Other than continuous concentration monitoring, a good understanding of chemical characteristics and sources of PM is important for effective management and mitigation of air pollution. The aim of this study was to summarize the spatial distribution of the PM (PM2.5 and PM10) concentration level, chemical characteristics, and sources apportionment in several cities in Indonesia based on systematic Scopus and Google searches for the period of publication year between 2008 to 2019. The studies of 10 cities showed most of the cities’ PM2.5 and PM10 average concentration have exceeded the annual average standard of both Indonesian regulation and WHO standards. Generally, traffic emissions were the majority sources, followed by biomass burning and dust emission. Forest and peat fires did contribute to high biomass burning emission in the downwind cities. The findings help to give the image of the status and the nature of particulate air pollution problems in Indonesia. Current issues and future research needs were also discussed.

Wastewater has been recognized as a resource due to its large quantities, and it contains many valuable resources that can be converted into valuable material. Reusing or recovering resources from wastewater can reduce the environmental footprint of wastewater treatment, minimize the contamination and ensure the availability of valuable resources for the human being. The ultimate aim of wastewater resource recovery (WRR) is to create a sustainable and resilient community which is very relevant in Indonesia as this country experiences many natural or human-made disaster. To have an effective implementation, therefore, it is crucial to identify the barriers or supporting factors in its implementation of Wastewater Resource Recovery, which can be different for many regions. Through extensive literature studies, this study intends to review the possibility of WRR implementation in Indonesia.  This study discusses Indonesia policy/regulation about wastewater management across all-region in Indonesia, identify barriers in WRR, compares global trends of wastewater management to Indonesia practice and list wastewater resources that potentially can be recovered in Indonesia. From the review, barriers of WRR implementation in Indonesia is most probably due to the policy and regulation of wastewater management which many of them did not support the option of WRR, instead of suggesting only safe discharge option. However, some regulations have mentioned the utilization of wastewater by-product, but it is limited only to treated water utilization. Other obstacles are social acceptance and distance between recovered material supply and demand. Social acceptance includes the human perception regarding the health risk associated with wastewater by-product. Religion also could be a potential barrier that needs to be handled in the implementation of WRR. This study could give new insight into the current state of wastewater resource recovery initiative in Indonesia; thus the strategy to overcome the barriers could be designed.

Wastewater contains water, nutrients, and energy resources, which can be recovered for human activities. Product from wastewater is one of the solutions to provide energy and food security amidst the looming energy and fertilizer crisis. Unfortunately, wastewater treatment plants in developing countries are often designed not to accommodate the concept of resource recovery. Currently, there is a real lack of feasibility analysis of upgrading existing wastewater treatment plants to accommodate the concept of resource recovery. Therefore, this study aims to determine the resource recovery potential in existing wastewater treatment plants in Yogyakarta and identify their limitations for resource recovery. Two wastewater treatment plants in Yogyakarta were assessed, one with anaerobic treatment, the other with stabilization ponds. The feasibility is assessed by the parameter of wastewater flow, organics, nutrients, and microbiology compounds. The findings of this study will be beneficial for a regional management standpoint to consider the most suitable strategy for wastewater management in Yogyakarta.

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