Non-formal education is community education services that purposes to alternate, to add and to complete formal education in order to support life long education program. Functional literacy program becomes one of education program that promoted by Indonesian government which aimed to facilitate illiterate community to possess functional literacy skill, namely: reading, writing, able to calculating numbers and able to speak with national language, that is Bahasa Indonesia, whereas we know that Indonesia is rich with many islands with different languages and cultures. Moreover, the main purpose of this program is to accommodate illiterate community in expanding their knowledge and skill as well as accustom them to utilize natural resources from the surroundings for their life. This study aimed to analyze learners’ motivation with learning strategy, namely numbers card. This study is investigated by using descriptive qualitative method. The object of the study is 1 instructur and 10 learners in PKBM Dharma Sedana Santhi located in Karangasem Regency, Province of Bali. The result shows that learners motivate to learn number or numerical due to numbers card uses in the learning process. The learning athmosphere becomes more interesting, fun and easier for learners to understand the material. Furthermore, learners could work collaboratively to solve a problem in group. AbstrakPendidikan non-formal adalah layanan pendidikan maysarakat yang difungsikan sebagai pengganti, penambah, dan pelengkap pendidikan formal dalam rangka mendukung program pendidikan sepanjang hayat (life long education) oleh pemerintah.Program keaksaraan fungsional menjadi salah satu program yang diselenggarakan oleh pemerintah Indonesia dengan tujuan untuk memfasilitasi masyarakat yang buta aksara agar memiliki kecakapan literasi dasar yakni, membaca, menulis, berhitung dan mampu berbahasa Indonesia. Selain itu, tujuan utama program keaksaraan fungsional ini adalah sebagai wadah bagi masyarakat dalam mengembangkan keterampilan dan pengetahuan serta membelajarkan warga belajar memanfaatkan sumber daya alam sekitar guna meningkatkan taraf hidupnya. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui motivasi belajar warga belajar keaksaraan fungsional dalam belajar mengenal angka dengan bermain kartu angka. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode deskriptif kualitatif dengan teknik observasi dan wawancara. Objek penelitian ini adalah 1 orang tutor dan 10 orang warga belajar program keaksaraan fungsional di PKBM Dharma Sedana Santhi Kabupaten Karangasem – Provinsi Bali. Hasil dari penelitian kualitatif ini menunjukkan bahwa dengan bermain kartu dalam belajar angka mampu menumbuhkan motivasi belajar warga belajar. Proses belajar mengajar menjadi lebih menarik, menyenangkan dan memudahkan warga belajar untuk memahami materi yang disampaikan oleh tutor. Selain itu, warga belajar mampu bekerjasama dalam kelompok dalam menyelesaikan instruksi kelompok.
Abstrak: Penyelenggaraan program keaksaraan dasar di masa pandemi covid-19 tentu memberikan tantangan tersendiri bagi tutor yang berkecimpung langsung di lapangan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui perbedaan proses pembelajaran keaksaraan dasar di masa pandemi, tantangan yang dihadapi, dan inovasi-inovasi yang dilakukan sebagai solusi dari tantangan yang dihadapi. Penelitian ini menggunakan jenis penelitian deskriptif kualitatif. Adapun subjek penelitian ini adalah 6 tutor dari 6 PKBM yang berbeda di Kabupaten Karangasem, Provinsi Bali. Analisa data dilakukan dengan menggunakan analisis model Miles dan Huberman yakni reduksi data, penyajian data, dan mengambil kesimpulan atau verifikasi. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa proses pembelajaran keaksaraan dasar sebelum dan di masa covid-19 tidak jauh berbeda yaitu pembelajaran keaksaraan dasar di situasi saat ini lebih kepada penekanan penggunaan protokol kesehatan disaat kegiatan berlangsung. Adapun tantangan yang dihadapi oleh tutor di dalam proses pembelajaran yakni rasa takut yang dirasakan oleh tutor dalam menyelenggarakan kegiatan di situasi covid-19, menghadirkan warga belajar, mengajar warga belajar dengan beragam usia, kemampuan intelektual, dan motivasi sehingga daya serap warga belajar tidak sama, serta edukasi tentang pentingnya protokol kesehatan di masa pandemi. Kemudian inovasi yang tutor lakukan dalam penyelenggaan program ini dilapangan yakni dengan cara menggunakan media pembelajaran, proses pembelajaran disesuaikan dengan kebutuhan dan karakteristik warga belajar serta jadwal dan tempat belajar disepakati bersama, dan pembelajaran lebih mengarah pada pembelajaran tutorial dan mandiri. Kedepannya, perlu pembaharuan dalam hal strategi pembelajaran sehingga perbedaan karakteristik dan gaya belajar warga belajar keaksaraan dasar dapat difasilitasi dengan baik oleh penyelenggara program.Abstract: The implementation of basic literacy programs during the Covid-19 pandemic certainly presents its own challenges for tutors who were directly involved in the teaching and learning process in the fi eld. This study aimed at determining the differences between the basic literacy learning process during the pandemic and before the pandemic, the challenges faced, and the innovations made as solutions to the challenges. This research was a descriptive qualitative research which was involved 6 tutors from 6 different PKBM in Karangasem Regency, the Province of Bali, as the subject of the study. The results of this study indicated that the basic literacy learning process before and during the Covid-19 period was not much different, however, the basic literacy learning in this current situation is more emphasized on the use of health protocols during the teaching and learning activities. The challenges faced by tutors in the learning process were the fear felt by tutors in carrying out activities in he situation of covid-19, the group learning’s attendance, teaching the learning participant with various ages, intellectual abilities, and motivation so that the learning participant’s ability in accepting and understanding the learning material was not the same, as well as taugh them about the importance of health protocols during the pandemic. Moreover, there were several innovations that tutors constructed in the implementation of this program. Those were using learning media, the learning process was adjusted to the needs and the characteristics of the learning participant as well as learning schedules and places agreement made by tutor and the learning participant. Then, the learning process was more directed towards tutorial and self-directed learning for the learning participant in this program. In the future, it is necessary to create other innovative learning strategies so that the learning participant diversity and learning their styles could be properly facilitated by program organizers.
The Covid-19 outbreak has "forced" face-to-face teaching and learning to be entirely online. This situation also affects prospective EFL teachers in conducting teaching practicums. This study aims to analyze prospective EFL teachers using code-switching in online discussions through WhatsApp group chats. Code-switching is a popular language feature commonly used in communication. Furthermore, this research aims to identify the types of code-switching according to Poplack's theory and to find out the code-switching function based on Sert's theory. This type of research is qualitative. The subjects of this study were six prospective EFL teachers and their students. Primary data was collected from online discussions of student teachers through their WhatsApp chat groups, and then the discussions were transcribed into transcripts. The technique used to analyze the data is descriptive qualitative and quantitative analysis. The first study's results in terms of types of code-switching revealed that all participants practiced code-switching in online teaching and learning through WhatsApp group chats. The discussion provides three types of code-switching based on Poplack's theory: tag-switching, inter-sentential switching, and intra-sentential switching. Furthermore, tag switching is often used in online discussions.
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