RESUMO.Grande valia é dada à anestesia desde a sua descoberta. Fato que revolucionou diversas áreas médicas, incluindo a Medicina Veterinária. Para que a anestesia possa ser conduzida de modo adequado e satisfatório, exige-se uma avaliação prévia do paciente a ser submetido à cirurgia, como revisão ao histórico clínico, exame físico, exames complementares e por fim, uma avaliação de risco e estado físico. Sendo importante para direcionar o paciente para um protocolo anestésico condizente ao seu estado de saúde, bem como predizer o prognóstico do mesmo. Esta classificação de risco e estado físico, adotada pela Sociedade Americana de Anestesiologistas (ASA) é aceita e utilizada mundialmente por médicos humanos e veterinários, e amplamente abordada em trabalhos científicos que envolvem a anestesiologia, justificando-se assim, a grande importância da mesma, sendo o objetivo de estudo desta revisão.Palavras chave: Anestesia, cirurgia, canino, felino Physical state and anesthetic risk in dogs and cats: Review ABSTRACT. Great value has been given to anesthesia since its discovery. A fact that has revolutionized several medical areas, including Veterinary Medicine. In order for anesthesia to be conducted adequately and satisfactorily, a prior evaluation of the patient to be submitted to surgery, such as a review of the clinical history, physical examination, complementary exams and, finally, a risk assessment and physical condition is required. It is important to direct the patient to an anesthetic protocol appropriate to their state of health, as well as to predict the prognosis of the same. This classification of risk and physical status, adopted by the American Society of Anesthesiologists (ASA), is accepted and used worldwide by human and veterinary doctors, and is widely discussed in scientific works involving anesthesiology, justifying its great importance, being the objective of this review.Keywords: Anesthesia, surgery, canine, feline Estado físico y riesgo anestésico en perros y gatos: Revisión RESUMEN. Gran validez se ha dado a la anestesia desde su descubrimiento. Hecho que revolucionó diversas áreas médicas, incluyendo la Medicina Veterinaria. Para que la anestesia pueda ser conducida de manera adecuada y satisfactoria, se requiere una evaluación previa del paciente a ser sometido a la cirugía, como revisión del historial clínico, examen físico, exámenes complementarios y por fin, una evaluación de riesgo y estado físico. Es importante para dirigir al paciente a un protocolo anestésico que concuerde
RESUMOA classificação de estado físico ASA (Sociedade Americana de Anestesiologistas) é uma ferramenta importante para a avaliação pré-anestésica do paciente. Assim, é utilizada em diversos estudos por possuir estreita relação com a morbidade e a mortalidade anestésica. Realizou-se tal classificação em 243 pacientes caninos submetidos a procedimentos cirúrgicos em um Hospital Veterinário Universitário. Os resultados obtidos foram os seguintes: ASA I (38; 15,64%), ASA II (53; 21,81%), ASA II emergencial (E) (2; 0,82%), ASA III (78; 32,10%), ASA III E (23; 9,46%), ASA IV (11; 4,53%), ASA IV E (36; 14,81%) e ASA V (2; 0,82%). Verificou-se que a maior parte dos pacientes foram classificados como ASA III (doença sistêmica moderada), o que demonstra que, no serviço analisado, a maioria dos animais submetidos à cirurgia são portadores de enfermidades. A mortalidade foi de 2,46%, com a maioria dos óbitos ocorridos no pós-operatório e em pacientes com emergências. Concluiu-se que, no serviço analisado, os maiores riscos estão relacionados aos pacientes com categorias ASA de maior gravidade, em cirurgias emergenciais e, especialmente, no período pós-operatório. ASA III E (23; 9.46%), ASA IV (11; 4.53 %), ASA IV E (36; 14.81%), and ASA V (2; 0.82% estabilizar o paciente ou prepará-lo de forma adequada e, assim, reduzir riscos e complicações pós-operatórias (Shmon, 2007). Nessa avaliação, leva-se em consideração o estado físico atual do paciente e, uma vez detectados desequilíbrios orgânicos, estes poderão ser corrigidos (Laredo et al., 2001). São analisados dados do prontuário http://dx
The objective of this report was to record surgical procedures performed in 241 dogs in a teaching veterinary hospital. There were 40 elective surgical procedures (16.6%) and 201 therapeutic surgical procedures (83.4%). The most frequent procedure was ovariohysterectomy (OH), 65% (26/40) and 24.38% (49/201), respectively, for elective and therapeutic surgical procedures. Among therapeutic surgical procedures were registered fracture reduction (16.91%, 34/201), mastectomies (13.93%, 28/201), drainage of the otohematoma (12.94%; 26/201) and ophthalmic surgical procedures (5.47%, 11/201). The high percentage of therapeutic surgical procedures conducted demonstrates the complexity of the cases attended daily in a teaching veterinary hospital.
Background: Otohematoma or aural hematoma in dogs is blood pooling within the ear cartilage plate, and stems from several causes (ear infections, ectoparasites and others). The formation of hematoma is by vascular injury, causing bleeding, generated by self-injury. This disease occurs especially in dogs of pendulous ears, and the concave surface of the ear is considered as the most frequent. The therapy to correct the lesion can be a clinical procedure; however, surgical drainage is the treatment of choice. This work aims to record the epidemiological aspects related to aural hematoma in dogs, as well as classify such patients as to the physical condition and anesthetic risk.Materials, Methods & Results: Twenty five dogs with aural hematoma submitted to surgical procedure were followed. During the data collection period (seven months), surgery to correct aural hematoma represented 19% of surgeries performed in dogs (total of surgeries: 474). The percentage of canine breeds affected was: mixed breed (64%; 16/25), german shepherd (24%; 6/25), labrador (4%; 1/25), waimaraner (4%; 1/25) and daschund (4%; 1/25). Most occurrences were observed in females aged 3-12 years. Most of the animals showed only one pina affected (96%; 24/25), and 52% (13/25) had hematoma in the right and 44% (11/25) in the left ear. Some of the patients had no hematologic abnormalities (48%; 12/25), but some animals showed normocytic normochromic anemia (36%, 9/25), leukocytosis (8%; 2/25) and thrombocytopenia (8%; 2/25). Among animals, there were only dogs classified as ASA II and ASA III with similar rates (56% and 44% respectively). No deaths were observed among cases analyzed.Discussion: The high prevalence of the disease in mongrel dogs can be explained by the great number of mongrel animals in the service analyzed. Aural hematoma was more frequent in older dogs probably because animals in this age group are more affected by otitis externa, which can predispose them to aural hematoma. Otohematoma was common in animals with pendulous ears, probably because these dogs are more prone to ear diseases than animals with erect ears. Females are more affected, and these data are different to those of other studies, and may be related to changes of the clientele among males and females. Only 4% (1/25) showed bilateral aural hematoma which, actually, is less common. Haematological abnormalities observed may be related to the appearance of aural hematoma, but were unspecific and common to several diseases. Animals classified as ASA II entered in this category for being carriers of mild haematological disorders, especially anemia (36%; 9/25). Dogs classified as ASA III showed signs of moderate systemic disease, and the main suspected disease was ehrlichiosis, which may be associated with aural hematoma. Animals underwent surgical procedure even though being classified as ASA II and III. Such procedure caused no detectable adverse effects and no deaths were recorded. It is expected that mortality is higher in patients classified in a higher grade. The absence of deaths can be related to ASA classification, which was only up to Grade III (moderate systemic disease). Moreover, surgery to drain aural hematoma is considered free of contamination, minimally invasive and without the involvement of important anatomical structures that could systemically compromise patients.
RESUMO. Na rotina médico-veterinária de cães e gatos há uma grande ocorrência de enfermidades que acometem o trato reprodutivo desses animais, acometendo em grande parte as fêmeas, podendo trazer consequências sérias como a infertilidade. Dentre as muitas patologias reprodutivas, citam-se com grande casuística a piometra (hiperplasia endometrial cística) e menos comumente a hiperplasia vaginal. A piomeira tende a ocorrer mais frequentemente em cadelas de meia idade ou animais idosos. Já a hiperplasia vaginal, acomete cadelas jovens devido à ação de estrogênio. Objetivou se com o presente estudo, relatar o caso de uma cadela, envolvendo ambas patologias. O tratamento de escolha realizado foi uma ovariosalpingohistectomia (OSH) e a paciente recuperou-se bem. Conclui-se que emergências reprodutivas requerem um diagnóstico adequado e tratamento mais precoce possível para evitar maiores danos à saúde no animal. A OSH mostrou-se efetiva e curativa nestas patologias.Palavras chave: Ciclo-estral, estrogênio, ovariosalpingohisterectomia, infecção Pyometra and vaginal hyperplasia in bitch: Case report ABSTRACT. In the medical-veterinary routine of dogs and cats there is a high occurrence of diseases that affect the reproductive tract of the animals, affecting mostly females, can have serious consequences such as infertility. Among the many reproductive pathologies, they cite yourself with large casuistry the pyometra (cystic endometrial hyperplasia) and less commonly the vaginal hyperplasia. The piomeira tends to occur most often in middleaged or elderly dogs animals. Already vaginal hyperplasia, affects young dogs due to estrogen action. The objective with this study, report the case of a bitch, involving both diseases. The treatment of choice made was one ovariosalpingohistectomia (OSH) and the patient recovered well. It was concluded that reproductive emergencies require proper diagnosis and early treatment possible to avoid further damage to health in the animal. The OSH proved to be effective and curative in these pathologies. Keywords: Cyclo-estrus, estrogen, ovariosalpingohisterectomy, infectionPiómetra e hiperplasia vaginal en perra: Reporte de un caso RESUMEN. En la rutina del médico veterinario en perros y gatos frecuentemente se presentan enfermedades que afectan el sistema reproductivo de éstos animales, acometiendo en gran parte a las hembras, pudiendo traer consecuencias serias como la infertilidad. Entre las patologías reproductivas, se pueden con gran casuística a piómetra (hiperplasia endometrial cística) y menos comúnmente la hiperplasia vaginal. El piómetra tiende a ocurrir frecuentemente en perras de edad media o animales de edad avanzada. Ya
RESUMO.A Oncologia Veterinária tem tido muita demanda, especialmente pelo aumento da longevidade dos cães e pela maior ocorrência de neoplasias em animais idosos. Foi atendida uma cadela, sem raça definida, 8 anos, apresentando massa tumoral ulcerada na região frontal da cabeça. Esta foi submetida a exames pré-operatórios. Em seguida, a exérese do tumor com ampla margem de segurança. Foi realizado exame histopatológico dos fragmentos tumorais coletados, diagnosticando-o como carcinoma de células basais.Palavras chave: canino, cirurgia, neoplasia, oncologia Basal cell carcinoma in bitch: Case report ABSTRACT. Veterinary Oncology has been in great demand, especially for the increase in the longevity of dogs and the greater occurrence of neoplasias in elderly animals. A bitch, without breed, was treated for 8 years, presenting an ulcerated tumor mass in the frontal region of the head. The patient underwent preoperative exams. Then, the tumor is excised with a large margin of safety. Histopathological examination of the collected tumor fragments was performed, diagnosing it as basal cell carcinoma.Keywords: Canine, surgery, neoplasia, oncology El carcinoma de células basales en un perro: Reporte de un caso RESUMEN. La Oncología Veterinaria ha tenido mucha demanda, en especial mediante el aumento de la longevidad de los perros y la mayor incidencia de cánceres en animales más viejos. Fue atendida una hembra canina mestiza, edad de ocho años, presentando una masa tumoral ulcerada en la región frontal de la cabeza. Esta fue sometida a exámenes preoperatorios. A continuación, la resección del tumor con amplia margen de seguridad. De los fragmentos del tumor colectados se realizó examen histopatológico, diagnosticándolo como carcinoma de células basales.Palabras clave: Cáncer, canino, cirugía, cáncer, oncología IntroduçãoA Oncologia Veterinária vem despontando nos últimos anos, isso se deve, entre muitos fatores, pelo aumento da longevidade de cães, maiores cuidados e promoção de bem-estar por parte dos tutores (Bagliotti et al., 2015) e pelo fato do câncer ser uma das principais causas de óbito (Bentubo et al., 2007). As neoplasias ocorrem independentes da idade, mas como se espera, tem maior índice nos cães idosos (Borges et al., 2016).Não diferente do humano, esta doença causa grande impacto psicológico em seus tutores, por associarem o câncer ao sofrimento, dor e óbito (Costa et al., 2016), o que pode gerar medo ou
The majority of orthopedic events in small animals reported in routine clinical practice comprise traumatic fractures. In most cases, surgical treatment is indicated. All patients undergoing a surgical procedure need a careful preoperative evaluation to stablish a safe anesthetic protocol. This evaluation reduces the risk of complications The American Society of Anesthesiologists (ASA) classification is an important tool that links to the patient medical record and can potentially decrease anesthetic and surgical risks. The present study aimed to classify 33 canine patients referred for surgical osteosynthesis, according to their physical status and anesthetic risk corresponding to the American Society of Anesthesiologists classification. After clinical and laboratorial evaluation, the patients were classified by a single evaluator. There was no ASA I patient because this category includes only healthy animals. The ASA II category comprised 12 patients (12/33; 36.36%), considered as suffering from mild systemic diseases. Nineteen patients were classified as ASA III (19/33; 57.57%); these presented with complicated fractures. Only one patient with polytrauma was classified as ASA IV. There were no patients in ASA V or VI and there were no deaths. The results show that among dogs referred for surgical osteosynthesis in the analyzed service and period, the majority were classified as ASA III.
The aim of this article was to conduct a survey of surgical procedures performed on cats in a teaching veterinary hospital (TVH) for a period of seven months. Qualitative research was carried out, using percentage and numerical frequencies. In a veterinary teaching hospital, 92 cats submitted to surgeries were accompanied, and, 62 were females (67.39%; 62/92) and 30 males (32.61%; 30/92). Of the total cases, 61 were therapeutic surgical procedures (66.30%; 61/92), and 31 were elective surgeries (33.69%; 31/92). Of the elective surgeries, 22 were ovariohysterectomy (70.96%; 22/31) and nine were orchiectomies (29.03%; 9/31). Among therapeutic surgical procedures, the emergency surgeries were majority, representing 48 cases (78.68%; 48/61. The most frequent therapeutic surgery was ovariohysterectomy with 26 occurrences (42.62%; 26/61). The other surgical therapeutic procedures in order of frequency were: desobstruction urethral, fracture reduction, ocular bulb enucleation, incisional hernia correction, rectal prolapse correction and evisceration correction. There were three deaths, all in the postoperative period. The emergencies were highlighted and, among them, the most frequent surgery was ovariohysterectomy due to dystocic parturition, which may be linked to the use of contraceptives. In the veterinary clinical routine, there is a significant increase in feline patients. In this way, it is considered important that the feline species be the object of study in Brazil
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