KeywordsGlobal warming has caused dramatic changes in regional climate variability, particularly regarding fluctuations in temperature and rainfall. Thus, it is predicted that river flow regimes will be altered accordingly. The purpose of this paper is to present the results of modeling such changes by simulating discharge using the HEC-HMS model. The precipitation was projected using superhigh resolution multiple climate models (20 km resolution) with newly updated emission scenarios as the input for the HEC-HMS model for flow analysis at the Red River Basin in the northern area of Vietnam. The findings showed that climate change impact on the river flow regimes tend towards a decrease in the dry season and a longer duration of flood flow. A slight runoff reduction is simulated for November while a considerable runoff increase is modeled for July and August amounting to 30% and 25%, respectively. The discharge scenarios serve as a basis for water managers to develop suitable adaptation methods and responses on the river basin scale. 82Journal of Natural Resources and Development 2016; 06: 81 -91 DOI number: 10.5027/jnrd.v6i0.09 Climate change is believed to be one of the predominant challenges for mankind in the 21 st century. It has resulted in immense adverse effects on human and natural systems around the world. Many fields are also being impacted by climate change. For example, a decline of agriculture production and heightening risk of animal and plant extinction are created by rising temperatures; severe flood events are leading to the destruction of infrastructure and loss of lives; and severe droughts occurring in dry seasons will likely lead to water conflict. A regional assessment of climate change on mankind was to some extent addressed in the Fifth Assessment Report by the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change [1].The key factors of climate change are the increases in temperature and variability of precipitation. According to observed data, the last decade has been recorded as the warmest in the last hundred years. . Increases in temperature are likely to lead to change in hydrological cycles, particularly the growth of spatiotemporal variation in rainfall. It is expected that river flow regimes will fluctuate. Flow in most tropical areas is predicted to rise because of the higher frequency of extreme precipitation. At the same time, more serious drought events during dry seasons may lead to water shortage and further inland salinity intrusion.The assessment of climate change impacts on hydrology has been addressed for several years. It has been constantly revised thanks to the improvement of climate model outputs regarding spatiotemporal resolution and projection capability. Most estimations are based chiefly upon the coupling method between global atmospheric general circulation models (GCMs), which are set up to simulate the past and current climate and then used to project the future state of the global climate with specific greenhouse gas emission scenarios and hydrological mod...
Abstract:In Vietnam as well as many countries which apply the irrigated agriculture over the world, the process of promoting the socialization trend in irrigation for the basic irrigation organizations, of which the main factor is water users, is very important. This paper aimed to optimize the decentralization of management and exploitation of irrigation works for water users, organizations in Quan Lo-Phung Hiep irrigation system of Mekong River Delta. The research has implemented a survey on 384 water users along four canals of level 2 of Quan Lo-Phung Hiep irrigation system under two sets of index: (1) water users' perception assessment of the irrigation works (14 indicators) and (2) assessment of the management efficiency in the irrigation works (six indicators). The research proposes the decentralization process from building. After determining the correlation coefficients, the multi-objective linear regression equation will be shown on six single objective functions. With the aim at achieving the highest efficiency in the management and exploitation of the irrigation works, there should be a shift in terms of the water users' perception of the irrigation works. These study results also demonstrate that about 65%-68% of the change in the indicators of the exploitation efficiency in the irrigation works is explained by some water users' perception indexes of irrigation works, including the quality of irrigation service and the output efficiency in agricultural production. By using the algorithm for multi-objective optimization problem, the optimal results in perception are determined. The input data is generated for the matrix supporting the decision making, and the decentralization of management and exploitation of irrigation works meets the three criteria, i.e., effectiveness, sustainability and flexibility.
Thuong river-a tributary of the Red River in Vietnam, is currently facing the degradation in both water quality and quantity. One of the major causes of water pollution is wastewater discharge into the river from industrial plants, agricultural and residential areas where wastewater is untreated or treated but does not meet the Vietnamese standards. This report presents the results of predicting the capacity of receiving wastewater of Thuong river from the Cau Son hydrological station to Pha Lai hydrological station in 2020 and 2030 with 3 scenarios: (i) The amount of waste water increases according to plan, but not treated, (ii) 30% waste water is treated, (iii) 70% waste water is treated. The method is the application of the MIKE 11 model combined with the waste load calculation formula. The results showed that, in many river stretches, especially the stretches run through Bac Giang city and industrial areas, the river pollution is increasingly serious, and has no signs of stop. Therefore, it is necessary to propose the water policies to control the wastewater discharge into the Thuong River in particular and the Red River system in general in order to protect water resource.
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