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White or light purple flower color Torenia (Torenia fournieri Lind.) varieties were successfully developed from the parental variety having violet flowers. This was accomplished by reducing Fe micronutrient in the culture media for the induction of in vitro flowering. The flower induction was highest in modified Murashige and Skoog (MS) medium containing ½ strength of macroelements, microelements, organic additives, and full Fe (M1) when compared to MS medium containing ½ strength of macronutrients, micronutrients, full Fe, and full organic additives (M2). The flower color was stable in two new Torenia varieties through three generations ex vitro. The results showed a wide range of somaclonal variation in flower colors; early flowering occurred in MS medium containing ½ strength of macroelements, microelements, Fe, and full strength of organic additives (M3). The selection of desirable somaclones and their micropropagation in subsequent generations led to the development of new and stable Torenia lines.

This study was carried out to evaluate and select the best purple waxy corn lines self-pollination in S3 to S6 generation with high grain yield, marketable husk yield, anthocyanin content, and good eating quality and appropriated agronomical characteristics. These lines were developed from exotic and domestic germplasm. Phenotype data collected from field trial on the growth and development characteristic, yield and yield components, marketable husk yield, measurement of total anthocyanins by the visible spectra pH method, quality measured by eating testing, pericarp thickness by micrometer, sugar content by Brix meter showed °Bx, tenderness and taste evaluated by eating testing and recording score rank 1 to 9. Selection index analysis based on distances from ideotype plant analysis with 12 traits. Result was selected the best 18 purple waxy corn lines from 46 lines, these lines have high anthocyanin content from 22.4 to 260.10 µg/L, grain yield was ranged from 2.0 to 3.5 t/ha and marketable husk yield from 3.8 to 6.4 t/ha respectively, good eating quality and appropriated agronomical characteristics to continuous self-pollination develop inbred lines for development hybrid of the purple waxy corn. This study provides information on the concentration of anthocyanin content in gene pool of purple waxy corn in Viet Nam.

In recent years, research on teaching listening skills online has addressed its role and positive impact on students’ listening learning and improved teacher teaching methods. Therefore, this study carried out a descriptive study aimed at understanding the perception of English teachers about the advantages and challenges as well as demands of teaching listening online. The study was designed as a mixed-method study, a questionnaire, and semi-structured interviews were used as collecting data instruments. 44 EFL teachers in various high schools in Can Tho city responded to the questionnaires. Then 6 of them were invited to participate in the interviews. The study found the following main results. Online listening teaching brings significant benefits to both teachers and students in English. For teachers, they pointed out that teaching online listening will give teachers flexibility in time and location in sending listening materials, assigning homework or online tests. Besides, due to online tools, online listening teaching helps teachers save time and effort in preparation. For students, they preferred online listening classes and gained confidence when learning online listening lessons. Some of the challenges that English teachers in high schools face in online listening classes. First, teachers have difficulty in interacting with their students. Second, students are not focused when learning listening online. The next difficulties are the limitation of the teacher’s observation through the platforms and students are not aware of the importance of listen lessons. Besides, some internal and external factors influence on teaching listening online. External factors for online listening classes include technology and the environment. Internal factors include teaching methods and proper guidance or training for online listening lessons and learner autonomy. The results revealed that EFL teachers had positive views about teaching online listening.